References
              American Psychiatric Association. (2000). Diagnostic     Caldwell, A. B. (2003). [MMPI-2 data research file for
                and statistical manual of mental disorders (4th ed.,      clinical settings.] Unpublished raw data.
                text rev.). Washington, DC: Author.                    Carroll, R. M., & Field, J. (1974). A comparison of the
              Ben-Porath, Y. S., & Sherwood, N. E. (1993). The            classification accuracy of profile similarity meas-
                MMPI-2 content component scales: Development,             ures. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 9, 373-380.
                psychometric characteristics, and clinical applica-    Carter, R. L., Morris, R., & Blashfield, R. K. (1989).
                tion. Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota            On the partitioning of squared Euclidean distance
                Press.                                                    and its application in cluster analysis. Psychometrika,
              Ben-Porath, Y. S., & Tellegen, A. (2008). MMPI-2:           54, 9-23.
                Restructured Form (MMPI-2-RF) manual for               Cattell, R. B. (1949). rp and other coefficients of pat-
                administration. Minneapolis, MN: University of            tern similarity. Psychometrika, 14, 279-298.
                Minnesota Press.                                       Cohen, J. (1969). r : A profile similarity coefficient
              Burger, G. K. (1991). The role of elevation, scatter, and                   c
                                                                          invariant over variable reflection. Psychological
                shape in MMPI profiles. Journal of Personality            Bulletin, 71, 281-284.
                Assessment, 56, 158-167.                               Cronbach, L. J., & Gleser, G. C. (1953). Assessing
              Butcher, J. N., Dahlstrom, W. G., Graham, J. R.,            similarity between profiles. Psychological Bulletin,
                Tellegen, A., & Kaemmer, B. (1989). Minnesota             50, 456-473.
                Multiphasic Personality Inventory–2 (MMPI-2):          Dahlstrom, W. G. (1993). The items in the MMPI-2:
                Manual for administration and scoring. Minneapolis,       Alterations in wording, patterns of interrelation-
                MN: University of Minnesota Press.                        ship, and changes in endorsement. Minneapolis,
              Butcher, J. N., Graham, J. R., & Ben-Porath, Y. S.          MN: University of Minnesota Press.
                (1995). Methodological problems and issues in          Finn, S. E. (1996). Using the MMPI-2 as a therapeutic
                MMPI, MMPI-2, and MMPI-A research. Psycho -               intervention. Minneapolis, MN: University of
                logical Assessment, 7, 320-329.                           Minnesota Press.
              Butcher, J. N., Graham, J. R., Ben-Porath, Y. S.,        Fischer, C. T. (1994). Individualizing psychological
                Tellegen, A., & Dahlstrom, W. G. (2001). Minnesota        assessment. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
                Multiphasic Personality Inventory–2 (MMPI-2):          Friedman, A. F., Lewak, R., Nichols, D. S., & Webb, 
                Manual for administration and scoring (rev. ed.).         J. T. (2001). Psychological assessment with the
                Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press.           MMPI-2. Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
              Butcher, J. N., Graham, J. R., Williams, C. L., &        Gilberstadt, H., & Duker, J. (1965). A handbook 
                Ben-Porath, Y. S. (1990). Development and use of          for clinical and actuarial MMPI interpretation.
                the MMPI-2 content scales. Minneapolis, MN:               Philadelphia, PA: Saunders.
                University of Minnesota Press.
              Butcher, J. N., & Williams, C. L. (1992). Essentials of  Graham, J. R. (2005). MMPI-2: Assessing personality
                MMPI-2 and MMPI-A interpretation. Minneapolis,            and psychopathology (4th ed.). New York, NY:
                MN: University of Minnesota Press.                        Oxford.
              Caldwell, A. B. (1985). MMPI clinical interpretation.    Graham, J. R., Timbrook, R. E., & Ben-Porath, Y. S.
                Paper presented at the Advanced Psychological             (1991). Code-type congruence between MMPI and
                Studies Institute, Los Angeles, CA.                       MMPI-2: Separating fact from artifact. Journal of
                                                                          Personality Assessment, 57, 205-215.
                                                                                                                         97
           Greene, R. L. (2011). The MMPI-2/MMPI-2-RF: An            Lachar, D., & Wrobel, T. A. (1979). Validating clini-
              interpretive manual (3rd ed.). Boston, MA: Allyn &        cians’ hunches: Construction of a new MMPI criti-
              Bacon.                                                    cal item set. Journal of Consulting and Clinical
           Harkness, A. R., & McNulty, J. L. (1994). The                Psychology, 47, 277-284.
              Personality Psychopathology Five (PSY-5): Issues       Marks, P. A., Seeman, W., & Haller, D. L. (1974). The
              from the pages of a diagnostic manual instead of a        actuarial use of the MMPI with adolescents and
              dictionary. In S. Strack & M. Lorr (Eds.), Differen -     adults. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins.
              tiating normal and abnormal personality (pp. 291-      Meehl, P. E. (1957). When shall we use our heads
              315). New York, NY: Springer.                             instead of the formula? Journal of Counseling
           Harkness, A. R., & McNulty, J. L. (2007). Restruc -          Psychology, 4, 268-273.
              tured versions of the MMPI-2 Personality               Nichols, D. S. (in press). Essentials of MMPI-2 assess-
              Psychopathology Five (PSY-5) scales. Paper pre-           ment (2nd ed.). New York, NY: Wiley. 
              sented at the annual meeting of the American           Nunnally, J. (1962). The analysis of profile data.
              Psychological Association, San Francisco, CA.             Psycho logical  Bulletin, 59, 311-319. 
           Harkness, A. R., McNulty, J. L., & Ben-Porath, Y. S.      Osgood, C. E., & Suci, G. J. (1952). A measure of rela-
              (1995). The Personality Psychopathology Five              tion determined by both mean difference and profile
              (PSY-5): Constructs and MMPI-2 scales. Psycho -           information. Psychological Bulletin, 49, 251-262.
              logical Assessment, 7, 104-114.                        Skinner, H. A. (1978). Differentiating the contribution
           Harkness, A. R., McNulty, J. L., Ben-Porath, Y. S., &        of elevation, scatter, and shape in profile similarity.
              Graham, J. R. (2002). MMPI-2 personality psycho -         Educational and Psychological Measurement, 38,
              pathology five (PSY-5) scales: Gaining an overview        297-308.
              for case conceptualization and treatment planning.     Staal, M. A. (1997). Classification accuracy in meas-
              Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press.           urement of MMPI/MMPI-2 profile similarity.  
           Harris, R. E., & Lingoes, J. C. (1955). Subscales for the    Dis sertation Abstracts International: Section B.
              Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory: An           Sciences and Engineering, 57, 4727.
              aid to profile interpretation. Unpublished manu-       Staal, M. A., & Greene, R. L. (1998). Classification
              script, University of California School of Medicine       accuracy in the measurement of MMPI/MMPI-2:
              and Langley Porter Neuropsychiatric Institute, San        Profile similarity. Journal of Personality Assessment,
              Francisco, CA.                                            71, 70-83.
           Hathaway, S. R., & McKinley, J. C. (1940). A multi-       Stemmler, G. (1988). Effects of profile elevation, scat-
              phasic personality schedule (Minnesota): I. Con -         ter, and shape on discriminant analysis results.
              struc tion of the schedule. Journal of Psychology:        Educational and Psychological Measurement, 48,
              Interdisciplinary and Applied, 10, 249-254.               853-871.
           Hathaway, S. R., & McKinley, J. C. (1943). The            Tatsuoka, M. M. (1988). Multivariate analysis:
              Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory.              Techniques for educational and psychological
              Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press.           research (2nd ed.). New York, NY: Macmillan.
           Huberty, C. J. (1994). Applied discriminant analysis.     Tellegen, A., & Ben-Porath, Y. S. (1993). Codetype
              New York, NY: Wiley.                                      comparability of the MMPI and MMPI-2: Analysis
           Koss, M. P., & Butcher, J. N. (1973). A comparison of        of recent findings and criticisms. Journal of
              psychiatric patients’ self-report with other sources      Personality Assessment, 61, 489-500.
              of clinical information. Journal of Research in        Tellegen, A., & Ben-Porath, Y. S. (2008). MMPI-2-RF
              Personality, 7, 225-236.                                  technical manual. Minneapolis, MN: University of
           Lachar, D. (1974). The MMPI: Clinical assessment             Minnesota Press.
              and automated interpretation. Los Angeles, CA:         Tellegen, A., Ben-Porath, Y. S., McNulty, J. L., Arbisi,
              Western Psychological Services.                           P. A., Graham, J. R., & Kaemmer, B. (2003). The
                                                                        MMPI-2 restructured clinical (RC) scales: Develop -
                                                                        ment, validation, and interpretation. Minneapolis,
                                                                        MN: University of Minnesota Press.
           98