Indigenous Social Movements  
                            and Ecological Resilience: 
                          Lessons from the Dayak of Indonesia 
                                                              
                                                              
                                                              
                                                              
                                                              
                      Janis B. Alcorn and Antoinette G. Royo, Eds. 
                                                              
                                                              
                                                              
                                                              
                                                              
                           Peoples, Forest and Reefs (PeFoR) Program 
                                          Discussion Paper Series 
                                                              
                                                              
                                      Biodiversity Support Program 
                                               Washington, D.C.  
                                                              
                                                              
                                
                    
                    
                    
                    
                   The Biodiversity Support Program (BSP)
                                                              is a consortium of World Wildlife Fund, The Nature Conservancy, and World 
                   Resources Institute, funded by the United States Agency for International Development (USAID). BSP's mission is to promote 
                   conservation of the world's biological diversity. We believe that a healthy and secure living resource base is essential to meet the 
                   needs and aspirations of present and future generations. 
                     
                   BSP’s Peoples, Forests and Reefs Program (PeFoR) is designed to: (1) develop participatory methods for  
                   applying geomatics technologies for mapping and land-use planning in order to improve community-based natural resource 
                   management; (2) assist community groups and NGOs to apply these methods more widely; (3) clarify and strengthen the legal 
                   status of indigenous rights to ancestral lands; (4) assess the spatial overlap between indigenous peoples and forests; and (5) link 
                   these findings to the national policy level through workshops, publication of case studies, and other forms of outreach.  
                    
                   BSP’s Kelompok Masyarakat Pengelola Sumberdaya Alam [Community Natural Resource Managers’ Program] 
                   (KEMALA) in Indonesia aims to: (1) build coalitions of well-informed, technically competent, creative, politically-active NGOs 
                   concerned with community-based natural resource management; and (2) support decentralized structures within which they can 
                   participate in political life and decision-making in future decades. 
                    
                   BSP's PeFoR ProgramDiscussion Papers
                                                              are circulated to encourage discussion and comment among interested parties.  The 
                   findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this volume are entirely those of the authors and should not be attributed in 
                   any manner to the United States Agency for International Development, the Biodiversity Support Program, World Wildlife Fund, 
                   World Resources Institute, or The Nature Conservancy. BSP does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this 
                   publication. 
                    
                   ©2000 by World Wildlife Fund, Inc. All rights reserved. Reproduction of this publication for educational and other non-
                   commercial purposes is authorized without prior permission of the copyright holder. However, WWF, Inc. does request advance 
                   written notification and appropriate acknowledgment. WWF, Inc. does not require payment for the noncommercial use of its 
                   published works and in no way intends to diminish use of WWF research and findings by means of copyright. 
                    
                                                                                                   Indigenous Social Movements and Ecological 
                   Please cite this publication as: Alcorn, Janis B. and Antoinette G. Royo, eds. 2000. 
                   Resilience: Lessons from the Dayak of Indonesia. 
                                                                   Washington, DC: Biodiversity Support Program. 
                    
                   This publication was made possible through support provided to BSP by the Global Bureau of USAID, under the terms of 
                   Cooperative Agreement Number DHR-A-00-88-00044-00.  
                    
                   Ordering BSP Publications 
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                                . You can view publications online or order copies to be sent to you. You may also contact us by mail, phone or fax 
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                   Contact BSP 
                   For more information, to give us feedback, or to order copies of BSP publications, contact us. 
                             Biodiversity Support Program          Phone: 1-202-861-8347 
                             c/o World Wildlife Fund               Fax: 1-202-293-9341 
                                     th
                                       St. NW                      E-mail: BSP@wwfus.org 
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                             Washington, DC 20037 USA              Web site: www.BSPonline.org 
                    
                   Cover design by Skye Alcorn, and Christy McDonough. 
                     
                   Text layout and style edit by Nzingha Kendall with assistance from Christy McDonough and Valerie Hickey. 
                    
                   Cover photograph courtesy of Aliansi Masyarakat Adat Nusantara (AMAN). 
                    
                   Back cover photograph courtesy of AMAN, taken during the National Congress of Indigenous Peoples, March 18, 1999.   
                    
                                                              
                   Printed by Copy General, Washington, D.C.
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             ABRI          Angkatan Bersenjata Republik Indonesia (Indonesian Armed Forces) 
             ADP           Area Development Program 
             AMA           Aliansi Masyarakat Adat  (Alliance of Adat Peoples) 
             AMAN          Aliansi Masyarakat Adat Nusantara  (Alliance of Adat Peoples of the Archipelago) 
             ATA           Aliansi Tambangan Adat (Adat Mining Alliance) 
             BAILEO        Natural Resources Management Network 
             BAPPEDA       Badan Pembangunan Daerah (Agency for Regional Development) 
             BPR           Bank Perkreditan Rakyat (People’s Development Bank) 
             CU-PK         Credit Union Pancur Kasih 
             DPR           Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat (House of Representatives) 
             DSMD          Health and Pension Plan 
             EAF Ethno-AgroForest Intiative 
             ELSAM         Lembaga Studi dan Advokasi Masyarakat (Legal Advocacy and Research Institute) 
             FKKM          Community Forestry Communication Forum 
             FPK           Forum Petaupan Katouan (Natural Resources Forum in North Sulawesi) 
             GOI           Government of Indonesia 
             ID            Institut Dayakologi (Dayakology Institute) 
             ILO International Labor Association 
             INFID         International NGO Forum on Indonesian Development 
             JAGAT         Network of Adat Community Movement of East Nusa Tenggara 
             JAPHAMA       Indigenous Peoples’ Advocacy Network 
             Jaring-PELA   Jaringan Kerja untuk Pesisir dan Laut (Coastal and Marine Consortium) 
             JATAM Mining Advocacy Network 
             JKPP          Jaringan Kerja Pemetaan Partisipatif Jaringan Pemetaan Masyarakt Adat Sebegai (Network of Adat 
                           Community Mappers) 
             KALBAR        Kalimantan Barat (West Kalimantan) 
             KAPET         Kawasan Pembangunan Ekonomi Terpadu (Integrated Economic Development Zone) 
             KMAN          Kongres Masyarakat Adat Nusantara (National Congress of Indigenous Peoples) 
             KONPENMA      Konsorsium Penguatan Masyarakat Adat (Consortium for Indigenous Peoples’ Empowerment of Irian 
                           Jaya) 
             KPA           Konsorsium Pembaruan Agraria (Agrarian Reform Cooperative) 
             KPD Rubber Cooperative 
             KPMD          Konsorsium Pemberdayan Masyarakat Dayak (Consortium for the Empowerment of Dayak Peoples) 
             KPSHK         Konsorsium Pendukung Sistem Hutan Kerakyatan (Community-Managed Forest Systems Consortium) 
             LATIN         Lembaga Alam Tropika Indonesia (Institute for Indonesian Tropical Resources) 
             LBBT          Lembaga Bela Banua Talino (Legal Assistance NGO) 
             LMD           Lembaga Musyawarah Desa (Village Assembly) 
             LPPSEPK       Rubber Planters Network 
             MITRA KASIH  Printing Press 
             MPR           Majelis Permusyawarantan Rakyat (People’s Consultative Assembly) 
             P3D Gender Initiative 
             PBI           Unity in Diversity Party 
             PDKB          Love Democracy Christian Party 
             PEK           People’s Economic Development 
             PK            Pancur Kasih  (“Fountain of Love”), abbreviation of YKSPK 
             PPSDAK        Pemberdayaan Pengelolaan Sumber Daya Alam Kerakyatan (Community-Based Natural Resource 
                           Management NGO) 
             PRO-BELA Forest Investigation Forum 
             TNI           Tentara Nasional Indonesia (Indonesian National Armed Forces) 
             WALHI         Wahana Lingkungan Hidup Indonesia (Indonesian Environment Forum) 
             WKIPA         West Kalimantan Indigenous People’s Alliance 
             YBSD          Yayasan Bina Sumber Daya (Social Security Foundation) 
             YKSPK         Yayasan Karya Sosial Pancur Kasih  
             YLBHI         Yayasan Lembaga Bantuan Hukum Indonesia (Indonesian Legal Aid Foundation)