HARYANA STATE BOARD OF  
                        TECHNICAL EDUCATION 
                                           
                                           
                                           
                                           
                                                 
                         LEARNING TEXT BOOKLET  
                                   (PHYSICS)  
                                             ST
                              DIPLOMA 1  YEAR 
                                (January, 2019) 
                                           
                                           
                                           
             Developed By                In collaboration with 
             Haryana State Board of      National Institute of Technical 
             Technical Education, Bays  Teachers Training & Research,  
             7-12, Sector 4, Panchkula  Sector-26, Chandigarh 
                                           
                                            
                                           
                                           
                                           
                                           
              
        
                        PREFACE 
          Technical Education in polytechnics plays a very vital role in human resource 
       development  of  the  country  by  creating  skilled  manpower,  enhancing  industrial 
       productivity and improving the quality of life. The aim of the polytechnic education in 
       particular is to create a pool of skill based manpower to support shop floor and field 
       operations  as  a  bridge  between  technician  and  engineers.  Moreover,  a  small  and 
       medium scale industry prefers to employ diploma holders because of their special skills 
       in  reading  and  interpreting  drawings,  estimating,  costing  and  billing,  supervision, 
       measurement, testing, repair, maintenance etc. 
          Despite the plethora of opportunities available for the diploma pass-out students, 
       the  unprecedented  expansion  of  the  technical  education  sector  in  recent  years  has 
       brought in its wake questions about the quality of education imparted. Moreover, during 
       the  last  few  years  the  students  seeking  admissions  in  the  polytechnics  are  coming 
       mainly  from  the  rural  background  and  face  the  major  challenge  of  learning  and 
       understanding the technical contents of various subjects in English Language.  
          The major challenge before the Haryana State Board of Technical Education is to 
       ensure the quality of a technical education to the stakeholders along its expansion. In 
       order to meet the challenges and requirement of future technical education manpower, 
       consistent efforts are made by Haryana State Board of Technical Education to design 
       need based diploma programmes in collaboration with National Institute of Technical 
       Teachers Training and Research, Chandigarh as per the new employment opportunities. 
          The Board undertook the development of the learning material tailored to match 
       the curriculum content. This learning Text Booklet shall provide a standard material to 
       the teachers and students to aid their learning and achieving their study goals.  
                                    
                                      Secretary 
                                   HSBTE, Panchkula 
        
                    
        
            
                                ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 
                The Haryana State Board of Technical Education, Panchkula acknowledges the 
           assistance  and  guidance  provided  by  the  administrative  authorities  of  the  Technical 
           Education  Department  and  Director,  NITTTR  for  initiating  and  supporting  the 
                                           st
           development of Learning Textbook for 1  year diploma students. The academic inputs 
           from the faculty of the polytechnics for preparing the contents of Learning Textbook are 
           duly appreciated. Thanks are also due towards the academic experts from the various 
           Institutes of importance like NITTTR, Chandigarh; Panjab University, Chandigarh; PEC, 
           Chandigarh etc. for their efforts in enrichment and finalization of the contents of this 
           learning  textbook.  Last  but  not  the  least  the  efforts  of  the  coordinators  for  overall 
           monitoring, coordinating the development of the Learning Textbook and organization of 
           workshops are also duly acknowledged.  
            
                                                               Joint Secretary 
                                                              HSBTE, Panchkula 
            
            
                  
                  
                     TEAM INVOLVED IN DEVELOPMENT OF LEARNING TEXTBOOK 
                                                            (PHYSICS) 
                 ADMINISTRATIVE AUTHORITIES 
                 1.     Sh. Anil Kumar, IAS, Additional Chief Secret ary, Technical Education, Govt. of 
                        Haryana-Cum-Chairman, Haryana State Board of Technical Education, Panchkula 
                 2.     Sh. A. Sreeniwas, IAS, Director General, Techni cal Education, Govt. of Haryana 
                 3.     Sh.  K.K.  Kataria,  Director,  Technical  Educat ion-Cum-Secretary,  Haryana  State 
                        Board of Technical Education, Panchkula 
                 4.     Dr. S.S. Pattnaik, Director, National Institute  of Technical Teachers Training and 
                        Research, Chandigarh 
                 POLYTECHNIC FACULTY 
                 5.     Dr. Bhajan Lal, Lecturer Physics, Govt. Polytechni        c for Women, Sirsa 
                 6.     Sh. Anil Nain, Lecturer Physics, Govt. Polytechni  c, Hisar 
                 7.     Smt. Bindu Verma, Lecturer Physics, SJPP Dam la 
                 8.     Dr. Sarita Maan, Lecturer Physics, Govt. Polyte chnic, Ambala City 
                 9.     Sh. Arvind Kumar, Lecturer Physics, Govt. Polyt echnic, Mandi Adampur 
                 10.    Dr. Anoop Kumar, Lecturer Physics, Govt. Polyt echnic for Women, Faridabad 
                 ACADEMIC EXPERTS 
                 11.    Dr.  S.K.  Tripathi,  Professor  of  Physics,  Physics     Department, Panjab University, 
                        Chandigarh 
                 12.    Dr.  Sanjeev  Kumar, Professor,  Applied  Physics  ,  Applied  Science  Dept.,  Punjab 
                        Engineering College, Chandigarh 
                 COORDINATORS 
                 13.    Dr. B.C. Choudhary, Professor, Applied Physics, Applied Science Dept., NITTTR, 
                        Chandigarh  
                 14.    Sh. R.K. Miglani, Joint Secretary (Academics), Haryana State Board of Technical 
                        Education, Panchkula 
                 15.    Dr.  Nidhi  Aggarwal,  Assistant  Secretary,  Haryana  State  Board  of  Technical 
                        Education, Panchkula 
                 16.    Sh.  Sanjeev  Kumar,  Assistant  Secretary,  Haryana  State  Board  of  Technical 
                        Education, Panchkula  
                 17.    Sh. D.K. Rawat, Principal, Govt. Polytechnic, Narnaul