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Cisco Research
Global trends in vocational education and training
The vocational education and training sector is at the frontline of Australia’s response to
major global challenges.
An effective vocational education and training sector will be required to increase
participation in the workforce, help companies exploit new technologies, and drive
productivity improvements across the economy. The dividends are significant for
institutions and economies that respond early and effectively.
Australia’s standing in the global vocational education and training market
The vocational education and training sector is at the frontline of Australia’s response to
major global challenges.
Superficiall the outloo for vocational education and training providers is bright the
focus on labour maret issues has rarel been sharper and the importance of industr
connections is more valuable than ever. n addition the increased focus on having all
students – from schoolchildren to universit graduates – ‘job read’ ill act as a significant
driver of demand.
oever the changing sills maret for suppl and demand has burdened providers ith
added comple
it ris and uncertaint. ndustr groth projections are no longer linear
funding is less certain students are more demanding and competition is fiercer. Three
major challenges face vocational education and training providers in Australia and globall
• a changing and broadening learner base
• increased competition from other providers
• eaer signals of demand from industr.
The challenge for training providers spans the entire student e
perience – from attraction
to an institution to completion of studies. t is liel to be more costl and comple
for
Technical and urther ducation TA institutes to attract retain and support students that
are disengaged from the education sstem or have a lo socioeconomic status or other
special needs such as rural or remote location disabilit or culturall and linguisticall
diverse bacground than their current student cohort.
A S TRS S S TRS
CAPABILITIES FO
1. Students are coming into POIES TO . Student retention is the
vocational education at an OPEATE EFFECTIEL ne battleground
earlier age and later in life
I TE F T E
. The international vocational TAII AET 5. eliver is no multichannel
education maret is and immersive
moving offshore le
ible
Responsive
. ovement beteen education Collaborative . e funding models and cost
sectors is bringing old issues nnovative shifting approaches are emerging
to boiling point
. e industr partnerships
– broader deeper more
tailored learning
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Cisco Research
Seven trends
A broad range of macro and loerlevel factors – spanning polic and government the
econom societ and technolog – drive trends in vocational education and training.
n an effort to understand and assess these trends Cisco and ptusAlphaest engaged
dandolopartners to research emerging global trends in vocational education and training.
This or is intended to stimulate debate inform training providers and polic maers and
bring into sharper focus some of the challenges that are liel to arise in coming ears. The
assessment of global trends dras heavil on overseas case studies and the latest polic
thining and research. The intent as to identif ‘trends’ in action rather than conduct a
theoretical assessment of ideas that ma or ma not come to fruition.
This investigation has distilled seven global trends in the vocational education and training
sector based on their impact on the sector generall and their potential applicabilit to
Australia. ach trend is presented ith a realorld e
ample.
Students are coming into vocational education at an earlier age and later in li
e
This trend is also plaing out locall here Australian schools are e
pected to account
for student pathas in the calculation of retention rates. The number of students aged
15 to 1 in Australian vocational education and training schools increased from 11 in
to 1 in . The ver definition of retention targets – i.e. completion of ear
1 or euivalent – is a direct nod to the fact that pathas into accredited training have
significant value.
As demand for ne and higher level sills increase and the population in developed
countries ages older orers ill be increasingl reuired to retrain. uropean countries
have been particularl active in addressing this challenge through lifelong learning policies.
The number of 5toearold citiens participating in training increased b beteen
1 percent and percent in countries beteen 5 and .
The number of students aged 15 to 1 in Australian vocational
education and training schools increased from 11 in
to 1 in .
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Cisco Research
The international vocational training market is moving o
shore
Silled people are increasingl moving beteen countries in response to changing
demand. n 1 there ere an estimated 1 million migrant orers globall ho
moved countries for emploment. There is a significant opportunit for resilling training
and accrediting migrant orers. t ould stand to reason that groth in the movement
of people beteen countries for vocational training ill also continue to rise. oever
evidence suggests this is not the case. To major factors have contributed to a global trend
aa from offshore training
• The orld’s to largest international training source marets China and ndia have added
significant training capacit.
• S and Australian training providers have begun investing heavil in ‘incountr’
deliver as a model for international education.
Student retention is the ne battleground
The economic argument for student retention is irrefutable it is significantl more e
pensive
to acuire a ne customer than to eep an e
isting one. ¡hile this principle has not
necessaril been researched in the training maret providers are recognising that much
of the cost associated ith training a learner is e
pended ell before completion. n cases
here funding is tied to completion the economic cost of losing students midstream is
significant.
ATTACT ifficult attracting a cohort that
sits outside traditional catchments
EAE Customisation of administration
learning and support reuired
oer rates of retention
ETAI igher cost to service
oer capacit to pa
TASITIO ining to create post¢T pathas
College dropout rates are recognised as providing a conservative estimate of dropout
rates in vocational education and training. ne in five students in the S and one in seven
students in Canada do not mae it into the second ear of their college courses. The S
figure alone represents a total cost to the nation’s econom of £. billion from students not
being retained. The focus of vocational education and training providers is occurring on
three fronts
• developing an understanding of student ris factors
• better tracing of changing student circumstances academic behavioural and financial
• faster and more intensive responses to atris students.
eliver is no multichannel and immersive
The emergence of online and blended learning is hardl a ne trend. oever its uptae
globall is significant. Recent trends in blended and online learning models tend to focus
on to areas
• a move aa from replicating facetoface pedagog toards developing ne
pedagogies that mae full use of this medium
• a move toards mobile learning.
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Cisco Research
The global uptae of online and blended learning is significant.
e
unding models and costshi
ting aroaches are emerging to meet
in
rastructure reuirements
Revenue uncertaint cost and profit pool pressure and difficulties forecasting future sill
needs are forcing institutions to thin laterall about infrastructure reuirements. nstitutions
are looing at innovative as to minimise investment in ne infrastructure through the use
of ne technologies such as simulators or online collaboration tools to avoid e
pensive
investment in major capital. e financing models and costsharing arrangements allo
for cloudbased services to reduce administrative e
penses hile improving focus on
instructional services.
EE E POFITABILIT COST
PESS E PESS E
Threat to ¢T Scalable programs Competitors ith
providers as the sstems and capital loer cost bases
‘natural’ industr Robust and diversified nteroperabilit
partner revenue streams challenges
argin pressure in technical
the most profitable pedagogical
maret segments and cultural
nstitutions are looing at innovative as to minimise investment
in ne infrastructure through the use of ne technologies.
e industr artnershis are driving broader deeer and more tailored training
A basic supplierconsumer model beteen industr and providers has dominated
vocational education. As competition intensifies – including ne competitors from outside
the vocational education and training sector – industr is demanding ne partnering
models. These models focus on establishing deeper collaborations and broadening or
customising training.
ovement beteen education sectors is bringing old issues to boiling oint
Traditional boundaries beteen educational sectors are blurring. Given the overlap in
products learners are distinguishing less beteen tpes of providers and e
pect to
seamlessl move beteen sectors. espite e
pectations of seamless transitions the
global realit is uite different. The sheer volume of movement beteen sectors has
challenged funding models recognition of prior learning and articulation frameors. The
increased focus on disadvantaged students moving beteen sstems is also challenging
sstems used to capture and share information about performance.
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