Bibliografia di riferimento
               Alkhori NA, Barth RA. Pediatric scrotal ultra-             Keith Stone C, Humphries RL. Current Emergency 
                   sound: review and update. Pediatr Radiol                   Diagnosis & Treatment. 5th ed. Cap 37. Genitou-
                   2017;47(9);1125-33.                                        rinary emergencies, Lange, New York, 2004.
               Armitage JN, et al. Mortality in men admitted to           Khadra MR et al. A prospective analysis of 1930 
                   hospital with acute urinary retention: database            patients with hematuria to evaluate current 
                   analysis. Br Med J 2007;335;1199-202.                      diagnostic practice. The Journal of Urology 
               Avellino GJ, Bose S, Wang DS. Diagnosis and Ma-                2000;163(2);524-27.
                   nagement of Hematuria. Surg Clin North Am              Makela, E., et al. A 19-year review of paediatric 
                   2016;96(3);503-15.                                         patients with acute scrotum. Scand J Surg 
               Billet M, Windsor TA. Urinary Retention. Emerg                 2007;96:62.
                   Med Clin North Am 2019;37(4);649-60.                   Malde S, Umbach R, Wheeler JR, et al. A Systema-
               Bultitude M. Urolithiasis around the world. BJU                tic Review of Patients' Values, Preferences, and 
                   Int 2017;120(5);601.                                       Expectations for the Diagnosis and Treatment 
               Cahn D.B. et al. Predicting Acute Urinary Reten-               of Male Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms. Eur 
                   tion in Patients with Elevated Post-Void Resi-             Urol 2021;79(6);796-809. 
                   duals. Curr Urol 2015;8(2);79-83.                      Manjunath AS, Hofer MD. Urologic Emergen-
               Galosi AB, Lacetera V, Muzzonigro G. Clinica                   cies. Med Clin North Am 2018;102(2);373-85. 
                   delle malattie testicolari di interesse ecografico.    Muneer A, Ralph D. Guideline of guidelines: pria-
                   Urologia 2008;75(4)(S12):s59-66.                           pism. BJU Int. 2017;119(2);204-8. 
               Gkentzis A, Lee L. The aetiology and current ma-           Nelson, C.P., et al. The cremasteric reflex: a useful 
                   nagement of prepubertal epididymitis. Ann R                but imperfect sign in testicular torsion. J Pedia-
                   Coll Surg Engl. 2014;96(3);181-3.                          tr Surg 2003;38;1248.
               Gontero P, Kirby RS, Carson CC. Sintomatologia             Quhal F, Seitz C. Guideline of the guidelines: uro-
                   e diagnostica in Urologia. Edizioni Minerva                lithiasis. Curr Opin Urol. 2021;31(2):125-9. 
                   Medica, Torino, 2016.                                  Rosen & Barkin’s 5-minute emergency medicine con-
               Jacobsen FM, Rudlang TM, Fode M, et al. Col-                   sult. 3rd ed. Hematuria/Proteinuria. 3d ed. Lippin-
                   laborative. The Impact of Testicular Torsion               cott Williams & Wilkins, Philadelphia, 2007.
                   on Testicular Function. World J Mens Health            Rosen’s Emergency Medicine: concepts and clini-
                   2020;38(3);298-307.                                        cal practice. 6th ed Cap. 98. Hematuria. Text-
               Jameson J, Fauci AS, Kasper DL, et al. Harrison's              book. Mosby, St. Louis, 2006.
                   Principles of Internal Medicine, 20e, Mc-              Salonia A, Eardley I, Giuliano F, et al. European 
                   Graw-Hill Education 2018 Cap. 44. Azotemia                 Association of Urology. European Association 
                   and Urinary Abnormalities.                                 of Urology guidelines on priapism. Eur Urol 
               Jameson J, Fauci AS, Kasper DL, et al. Harrison's              2014;65(2);480-9. 
                   Principles of Internal Medicine, 20e, Mc-              Smith-Bindman R, Aubin C, Bailitz J et al. Ul-
                   Graw-Hill Education 2018 Cap. 84. Bladder                  trasonography versus computer tomography 
                   and renal cell carcinomas.                                 for suspected nephrolithiasis. N Eng J Med 
               Jameson J, Fauci AS, Kasper DL, et al. Harrison's              2014;18;371(12);1100-10.
                   Principles of Internal Medicine, 20e, Mc-              Sweet DE, Feldman MK, Remer EM. Imaging of 
                   Graw-Hill Education 2018 Cap. 270. Glome-                  the acute scrotum: keys to a rapid diagnosis of 
                   rular Diseases.                                            acute scrotal disorders. Abdom Radiol (NY) 
               Jha P, Bentley B, Behr S, et al. Imaging of flank              2020;45(7);2063-2081.
                   pain: readdressing state-of-the-art. Emerg Ra-         Tanagho EA, McAninch JW. Smith’s General Urology. 
                   diol 2017;24(1);81-6.                                      ed 17. New York: McGraw Hill Medical, 2008.
               Jubber I, Shariat SF, Conroy S, et al. Non-visible         Tintinalli JE. Emergency Medicine A comprehensive 
                   haematuria for the Detection of Bladder, Up-               study guide. 6th ed. Cap 97. In: Hematuria and 
                   per Tract, and Kidney Cancer: An Updated Sy-               Hematospermia, McGraw-Hill, New York, 2004.
                   stematic Review and Meta-analysis. Eur Urol            Wallis CJD, Sayyid RK, Manyevitch R, et al. Dia-
                   2020;77(5);583-98.                                         gnostic utility of axial imaging in the evalua-
               Kalfa, N, et al. Multicenter assessment of ultra-              tion of hematuria: A systematic review and cri-
                   sound of the spermatic cord in children with               tical appraisal of the literature. Can Urol Assoc 
                   acute scrotum. J Urol 2007;177:297.                        J 2021;15(2);48-55.