Dietary Guidelines
                  &
          Nutrition Therapy for
            Specific Diseases
                  A Publication by
          Nutrition Division - Ministry of Health
                   Sponsored by
               Government of Sri Lanka
                   UNICEF 
                   2014
               Preface
       Nutrition is recognized as a major modifiable determinant of chronic
       diseases, with increasingly emerging supporting evidence that alterations in
       diet have strong effects, both positive and negative on health throughout life.
       Medical nutrition therapy is an essential component of comprehensive health
       care.  Individuals with variety of diseases and health conditions can improve
       their health and quality of life by applying appropriate treatment protocols
       combined with proper medical nutrition therapy. For some diseases such as
       diabetes, heart diseases and renal diseases, dietary management is equally
       important to medical management throughout all stages of the disease.
       The policy of the Government is to provide health service to general public
       free of charge including drugs, ancillary services and meals for inward
       patients. The standards of healthcare delivery have improved over the years
       and in par with those standards, normal and therapeutic diets also need to be
       upgraded.
       Although Sri Lanka has achieved satisfactory health indices in preventive as
       well as curative health care, dietary measures and appropriate nutrition
       therapy in patient management has not been improved to meet the optimum
       standards. Publishing this document “Disease Based Dietary Guidelines and
       Nutrition Therapy” will fill this gap in optimizing patient care. This
       publication will be a useful tool for many healthcare professionals to further
       enhance their knowledge and skills in on current nutrition therapy.
       Dr. P.G.Mahipala
       Director General of Health Services
       Ministry of Health
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                     Abbreviations
         ACE   – Angiotensin converting enzyme
         BMI   – Body Mass Index
         BMR   – Basal metabolic rate
         CHD   – Coronary heart disease
         CKD   – Chronic kidney diseases
         CRF   – Chronic renal failure
         CVD   – Cardiovascular disease
         DHA   – docosahexaenoic acid
         EN    – Enteral nutrition
         EPA   – Eicosapentaenoic acid
         ESRD  –  End stage renal disease
         GFR   – Glomerular filtration rate
         GI    – Glycemic Index
         GL    – Glycemic Load
         GRV   – Gastric residual volume
         HD    – Haemodialysis
         HDL   – High density lipoprotein
         HHD – Home haemodialysis
         IC    – Indirect calorimetry 
         ICU   – Intensive care unit
         IDPN  – Intra dialytic parenteral nutrition 
         IU    – International unit
         LDL   – Low density lipoprotein
         MCT   – Medium chain triglycerides
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