GYANDEEP ACADEMY 
                        Mr. Arun Patidar (M.Pharm) Mob: 9826672215, 9644067667, 34 Prakash Nagar Navlakha, Indore 
                                              Download study material (Notes) www.gyandeepacademy.in 
                                              Key Notes:  Pharmaceutics I (101) D Pharm I Year 
          
              1.  History of the profession of Pharmacy in India  
               
              Introduction to pharmacopoeia (IP, BP,USP, NF) 
              Indian Pharmacopoeia (IP)-Indian Pharmacopoeia Commission (IPC) is an autonomous 
              institution of the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare which sets standards for all drugs 
              that are manufactured, sold and consumed in India. The set of standards are published under 
              the title Indian Pharmacopoeia (IP). 
              1st Edition 1955, 2nd Edition 1966, 3rd Edition 1985, 4th Edition 1996, 5th Edition 2007, 
              6th Edition 2010, 7th Edition 2014, 8th Edition 2018. 
              General Notes, Preface, Structure of IPC, Monographs, Appendices, Volume I, II & 
              III 
                            
              2.  Packing of pharmaceuticals 
                        Glass – Silicates of CaCO3 , MgCO3 
                  Advantages -  
                           -   Ease of fabric 
                           -   Easy cleaning 
                           -   Transparent 
                           -   Easy to sterile 
                           -   Cheaper than metal 
                  Disadvantages –  
                           -   Basic 
                           -   More weight 
                           -   Transportation costly 
                           -   Breakable 
                        Plastic (PVC, Polystyrene, HDPE, LDPE) 
                        Metal (Aluminium, stainless steel. Tin, lead) 
                        Types of Closures (Plug type, crown cap, pus-fit cap, Screw closures) 
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                                                   GYANDEEP ACADEMY 
                        Mr. Arun Patidar (M.Pharm) Mob: 9826672215, 9644067667, 34 Prakash Nagar Navlakha, Indore 
                                              Download study material (Notes) www.gyandeepacademy.in 
                                              Key Notes:  Pharmaceutics I (101) D Pharm I Year 
          
                        Types  of  Container  (Well-closed,  Air-tight,  Single  dose(LVP),  Multi  dose, 
                           Light-resistant (Photosensitive drugs) 
                        Aerosol packaging – Pressurized Dosage form 
                           -   Advantage- burnt skin, wound, inhalation 
                           -   Disadvantage-costly, toxicity of propellant, difficulties in formulation 
                           -   Formulation ( Propellant, container, Valve, Actuator, Dip tube) 
                           -   Method of filling–Cold filling, Pressure filling 
                   
              3.  Pharmaceutical aids: Organoleptic (Colouring, flavouring, and sweetening) agents 
                  Preservatives: Definition, types with examples and uses. 
          
          
          
          
          
              4.  Unit operations:  
              Size reduction (Comminution) 
                             Objectives/ Importance / Applications 
                           -   Improvement in  mixing 
                           -   Increased solubility 
                           -   Increased absorption 
                           -   Increased extraction 
                           -   Increased stability – in case suspension 
                                
                        Factors affecting size reduction 
                           (Hardness, Toughness, Stickiness, Material Structure, Moisture Content, Purity 
                           Required,  
                           Physiological effect) 
                        Methods- Cutting, Attrition, Compression, Impact 
         Emergency Regarding Blood Donner Please Contact – 9826672215, 9644067667                                                Page 2 
          
                                                   GYANDEEP ACADEMY 
                        Mr. Arun Patidar (M.Pharm) Mob: 9826672215, 9644067667, 34 Prakash Nagar Navlakha, Indore 
                                              Download study material (Notes) www.gyandeepacademy.in 
                                              Key Notes:  Pharmaceutics I (101) D Pharm I Year 
          
                        Mill 
                           -   Hammer mill- Impact 
                           -   Ball mill- Impact & Attrition 
                           -   Cutter mill- Cutting 
                           -   Fluid energy mill- Impact & Attrition 
                           -   Roller Mill- Compression 
                        Lavigation- grinding in mortar using pestle 
                        Elutriation- Size separation by sedimentation 
         Size separation 
                        Official standards of powder as per IP 
                           -   Coarse Powder- pass through sieve No.10 
                           -   Moderately coarse-22 
                           -   Moderately fine-44  
                           -   Fine-85 
                           -   Very fine-120 
                        Size separation Method- 
                           -   Sieving  
                           -   Cyclone separator 
                           -   Air Separator 
                           -   Elutriation 
         Mixing and homogenization 
                        Applications/ Importance/ Objective 
                           Mixing of Powder- Tumbler mixer, Double cone mixer, V cone mixer 
                           Mixing of Liquid-Proeller mixer, Turbin Mixer, Paddle Mixer, Colloidal mill, 
                           Silverson mixer homogeniser 
                           Mixing of Semisolid-Triple Roller mill, Agitator mixer, planetary mixer 
                        Type of mixtures 
                           -   Positive – Irreversible (Sugar + Water) 
                           -   Negative – Reversible (Oil + Water) 
         Emergency Regarding Blood Donner Please Contact – 9826672215, 9644067667                                                Page 3 
          
                                                   GYANDEEP ACADEMY 
                        Mr. Arun Patidar (M.Pharm) Mob: 9826672215, 9644067667, 34 Prakash Nagar Navlakha, Indore 
                                              Download study material (Notes) www.gyandeepacademy.in 
                                              Key Notes:  Pharmaceutics I (101) D Pharm I Year 
          
                           -   Neutral – mixtures remains same as formed (Semisolid Mixing) 
         Clarification and filtration 
                        Factors affecting the Rate of filtration 
                           -   Pressure (P) 
                           -   Viscosity (Ƞ) 
                           -   Surface area of filter media (A) 
                           -   Temp. 
                           -   Particle size 
                           -   Pore size filter media 
                           -   Thickness of cake (l) 
                        Darcy’s Law   V=KAɅP/Ƞl 
                        Filter Media- Filter paper, Cotton wool,Glass wool, Asbestos, Fine Muslin, 
                           Filter cloth, Membrane filter, Sintered glass filter 
                        Filter aids- reduce the resistance of the filtrate to flow. 
                           Inert, free from impurities, suspended in liquid Ex. Diatomite, Perlite, asbestos, 
                           cellulose, activated charcoal, talc, kaolin etc. 
         Drying  
                  Application-Preservation of crud drug, Tablet formulation, reduce bulk & weight, helps 
                  in size reduction. 
                        Tray dryers 
                           -   Advantages –Simple, Easy cleaning 
                           -   Disadvantages- uniform drying not possible, Not suitable for heat sensitive 
                               materials 
                        Fluidized bed dryers (FBD) 
                           -   Advantages- High drying rate, uniform drying. 
                           -   Disadvantages-Size reduction due to attrition, Not suitable for heat sensitive 
                               material 
                        Freeze dryers (Lyophilisation) 
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