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THE BRITISH zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA
JOURNAL OF DERMATOLOGY.
OCTOBER, zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA1898.
Downloaded from https://academic.oup.com/bjd/article/10/10/355/6713316 by guest on 17 January 2023
PHARMACEUTICAL NOTES.
BY HERBERT SKINNER, zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA
Phawnacbt zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBAto the zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBAGreat Northern Cwtral HocrpitccE, London.
DURING recent years few ameliorative remedies used in dermato-
logical practice have made such great advances towards perfection as
the manufacture of medicated soaps. Although somewhat unsatis-
factory, regarded as applications to the skin, owing to the transitory
value of the medicament, unless a prolonged bath is indulged in, they
entail a certain amount of friction, which in itself is salutary, as well
as being used when the skin is in its most receptive state. A certain
stress should be laid upon the amount of soap used during each bath, zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA
as the quantity of water used sometimes so dilutes the medicament as
to render it of very little use. For this purpose a liquid soap is to be
preferred, and then what is needed for application to the skin can be
added to it, adding a definite quantity to the necessary bulk of water.
When this is done any ordinary superfatted soap can be used in the
bath. A liquid soap I have found very useful consists of ammonium
oleate in alcohol :- zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA
Oleic acid, 2 ozs.,
Alcohol, 90 per cent., 8 OZB.,
Solution of ammonia, a auffidenoy,
Water to 6 01s.
It may be perfumed with vanillin to disguise the dour of the oleate.
The ammonia is added drop by drop until after vigorous shaking the
VOL. x. EE
556 PSIARBIACEUTICAL NOTES. zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA
odour can faintly be detected. It is then allowed to stand for seven
days and filtered through kaolin. Its cleansing properties are far
above those of ordinary soap, and the alkalinity is scarcely noticeable ; zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA
it forms a valuable adjunct to the bath, especially so when a medica-
ment is added to it. With ordinary soaps there should be as little
moisture as possible, they should be neutral or superfatted, preferably Downloaded from https://academic.oup.com/bjd/article/10/10/355/6713316 by guest on 17 January 2023
with wool-fat, as this is so easily saponified in a soap. One point ought
not to be overlooked with neutral soaps, that is the tendency water
has to set up hydrolysis and so yield a trace of alkali; it is never
very large, and in most cases may be neglected. The question of
soap used is often very important in hospital cases. Frequently the
ordinary yellow, or that employed in cleansing clothes, or even
pumice and sand-soaps are used for other parts of the skin besides
the hands. I have examined a dozen varieties of these soaps, and
have always found plenty of free caustic alkali, and in some cases
it has been quite abundant. They make the skin feel soft, but it is
needless to say at what expense they do it. Cheap fancy soaps may
often be included with these as injurious by their constant use.
I have devised a base containing wool-fat and Lanolin soap, which
can be used as an ointment, which, after application, drys into the
skin, and after several hours produces a certain amount of soapiness
when rubbed with water, so that a close application may be effected
for the night, and excess washed off in the morning.
Lanolin soap, & oz.,
Distilled water, 2 ozs.,
Anhydrous wool-fat, 4 zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBAoz.
The soap is liquefied in the water and the melted wool-fat added ;
the whole transferred to a mortar and vigorously triturated in order
to produce a homogeneous paste. The consistency is that of resin
ointment; it should be preserved in air-tight jars or made fresh.
Any medicaments save free acids may be added: by free acids I
mean Boric, Salicylic and Benzoic, otherwise the range is unlimited.
These are suitable : Resorcin, 1 ; Coal-tar Solution, 5 ; Ichthyol, 3 ;
Naphthol, 1; Creolin, 5; and Creosote, 2 per cent. To test the
comparative value of washing with a medicated soap and with an
ordinary one, then using the above with the medicaments, the soap
being added to them, one was taken containing precipitated
Sulphur, 5; Bdsam of Pern, 3; and Camphor, 5 per cent. After
PHARMACEUTICAL NOTES. zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA357 zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA
washing with soap having this composition, the odour of the Balsam
of Peru was predominant for half an hour ; zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBAat the end of an hour the
sulphur prevailed, then a gradual diminishing took place until at the
end of two hours it had disappeared. In the second case, after
washing with an ordinary soap, the application spoken of was
applied; the time required was about one minute. The skin was Downloaded from https://academic.oup.com/bjd/article/10/10/355/6713316 by guest on 17 January 2023
then dry; even the next morning the combined odours were
apparently as strong as ever, zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBAand the surface lathered slightly with
water. It is obvious that the use of the soap and then the suggested
preparation would provide a continuous application for several hours,
which is so much to be desired and does away with a greasy
ointment.
NEW FORMULB.
Here is a modification of one taken from the Chemist zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBAand zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA
Drtlggist :-
Yolk of one egg,
Lmolin, 4 oz.,
Roee-water, 4 oz.
Triturate together the lanolin and yolk of egg, then gradually add
the rose-water. This undoubtedly forms an excellent base for skin
remedies. Alone it has a very penetrating and softening effect, far
more so than wool-fat alone possesses. If oxide of zinc or ichthyol
is added, their properties are utilized to the very best advantage.
One peculiarity is noticeable with this : milk may replace the rose-
water to form a cream; it may even be diluted up to three or four
ounces. Naturally, it will not keep unless some antiseptic is added
to it.
Another wool-fat preparation is :-
Wool-fat, 4 oz.,
Glycerine of starch, + oz.,
White vaseline, 1 drm.
This is absorbed better than any ointment with which I am
acquainted. It forms a suitable base for using formaldehyde even up
to ten per cent., and no changes take place even after keeping six
months.
A liquid preparation is always a favourite. The combination of
water with any fat facilitates its absorption. The following is a
satisfactory one with naphthol :-
EE2
PHARMACEUTICAL zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBANOTES.
358 zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA
White liquid Vaseline, zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA8 oz., zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA
Alcoholic solution of soap, 3 oz., zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA
Glycerine, 4 oz.,
Naphthol, zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBAgr. x.,
Distilled water, to 3 ounces.
There is a certain amount of free alkali in this, as alcoholic solutions
of superfatted soaps cannot be made. Downloaded from https://academic.oup.com/bjd/article/10/10/355/6713316 by guest on 17 January 2023
The following is an advertised " cure-all '' for eczema. It is very
useful in some forms, therefore I give it :-
Anhydrous wool-fat, t oz., zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA
Camphor, 30 grs.,
Glycerine of subacetate of lead, 3 OZ.
It could also have solution of coal-tar and glycerine subacetaie of
lead, equal parts, instead of lead glycerole only.
UNGUENTUM ACIDI CARBOLICI Go.
Having found some difficulty with this ointment, both in its
appearance and unsatisfactoriness in its keeping properties, a modifi-
cation was made at our hospital on the formula: in various London
hospital pharmacopaias.
Its formula is :-
Olive oil,
Phenol,
White wax, of each 1 oz.,
Nitrate of mercury ointment, 2 ozs.,
Sublimed sulphur, oz.
The phenol is dissolved in the olive oil, then the white wax added
and the heat continued until liquefied. After it is cold the nitrate of
mercury ointment and sulphur are incorporated, using a vulcanite
spatula. It is yellow, and keeps well and solid up to three months,
there being no sign of turning black as in the old, and altogether
produces a more satiefactory preparation. There is only one element
of doubt, namely : Is the antisepticity of the phenol reduced 1 if so, I
think it can be neglected, as its virtues to a large extent depend upon
the nitrate of mercury ointment.
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