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Fundamentals of Vehicle Dynamics
List of Chapters:
Chapter 1 — INTRODUCTION Federal Requirements for Braking
Dawn of the Motor Vehicle Age Performance
Introduction to Vehicle Dynamics Brake Proportioning
Fundamental Approach to Modeling Anti-Lock Brake Systems
Lumped Mass Braking Efficiency
Vehicle Fixed Coordinate System Rear Wheel Lockup
Motion Variables Pedal Force Gain
Earth Fixed Coordinate System Example Problem
Euler Angles References
Forces
Newton’s Second Law Chapter 4 — ROAD LOADS
Dynamic Axle Loads Aerodynamics
Static Loads on Level Ground Mechanics of Air Flow Around a
Low-Speed Acceleration Vehicle
Loads on Grades Pressure Distribution on a Vehicle
Example Problems Aerodynamic Forces
References Drag Components
Aerodynamics Aids
Chapter 2 — ACCELERATION PERFORMANCE Bumper Spoilers
Power-Limited Acceleration Air Dams
Engines Deck Lid Spoilers
Power Train Window and Pillar Treatments
Automatic Transmissions Optimization
Example Problems Drag
Traction-Limited Acceleration Air Density
Transverse Weight Shift due to Drive Drag Coefficient
Torque Side Force
Traction Limits Lift Force
Example Problems Pitching Moment
References Yawing Moment
Rolling Moment
Chapter 3 — BRAKING PERFORMANCE Crosswind Sensitivity
Basic Equations Rolling Resistance
Constant Deceleration Factors Affecting Rolling Resistance
Deceleration with Wind Resistance Tire Temperature
Energy/Power Tire Inflation Pressure/Load
Braking Forces Velocity
Rolling Resistance Tire Material and Design
Aerodynamic Drag Tire Slip
Driveline Drag Typical Coefficients
Grade Total Road Loads
Brakes Fuel Economy Effects
Brake Factor Example Problems
Tire-Road Friction References
Velocity
Inflation Pressure
Vertical Load
Example Problems
Fundamentals of Vehicle Dynamics
Chapter 5 — RIDE Experimental Measurement of Understeer
Excitation Sources Gradient
Road Roughness Constant Radius Method
Tire/Wheel Assembly Constant Speed Method
Driveline Excitation Example Problems
Engine/Transmission References
Vehicle Response Properties
Suspension Isolation Chapter 7 — SUSPENSIONS
Example Problem Solid Axles
Suspension Stiffness Hotchkiss
Suspension Damping Four Link
Active Control De Dion
Wheel Hop Resonances Independent Suspensions
Suspension Nonlinearities Trailing Arm Suspension
Rigid Body Bounce/Pitch Motions SLA Front Suspension
Bounce/Pitch Frequencies MacPherson Strut
Special Cases Multi-Link Rear Suspension
Example Problem Trailing-Arm Rear Suspension
Perception of Ride Semi-Trailing Arm
Tolerance to Seat Vibrations Swing Axle
Other Vibration Forms Anti-Squat and Anti-Pitch Suspension
Conclusion Geometry
References Equivalent Trailing Arm Analysis
Rear Solid Drive Axle
Chapter 6 — STEADY-STATE CORNERING Independent Rear Drive
Introduction Front Solid Drive Axle
Low-Speed Turning Independent Front-Drive Axle
High-Speed Cornering Four-Wheel Drive
Tire Cornering Forces Anti-Dive Suspension Geometry
Cornering Equations Example Problems
Understeer Gradient Roll Center Analysis
Characteristic Speed Solid Axle Roll Centers
Critical Speed Four-Link Rear Suspension
Lateral Acceleration Gain Three-Link Rear Suspension
Yaw Velocity Gain Four-Link with Parallel Arms
Sideslip Angle Hotchkiss Suspension
Static Margin Independent Suspension Roll Centers
Suspension Effects on Cornering Positive Swing Arm Geometry
Roll Moment Distribution Negative Swing Arm Geometry
Camber Change Parallel Horizontal Links
Roll Steer Inclined Parallel Links
Lateral Force Compliance Steer MacPherson Strut
Aligning Torque Swing Axle
Effect of Tractive Forces on Cornering Active Suspensions
Summary of Understeer Effects Suspension Categories
Functions
Performance
References
Fundamentals of Vehicle Dynamics
Chapter 8 — THE STEERING SYSTEM Chapter 10 – TIRES
Introduction Tire Construction
The Steering Linkages Size and Load Rating
Steering Geometry Error Terminology and Axis System
Toe Change Mechanics of Force Generation
Roll Steer Tractive Properties
Front Wheel Geometry Vertical Load
Steering System Forces and Moments Inflation Pressure
Vertical Force Surface Friction
Lateral Force Speed
Tractive Force Relevance to Vehicle Performance
Aligning Torque Cornering Properties
Rolling Resistance and Overturning Slip Angle
Moments Tire Type
Steering System Models Load
Examples of Steering System Effects Inflation Pressure
Steering Ratio Size and Width
Understeer Tread Design
Braking Stability Other Factors
Influence of Front-Wheel Drive Relevance to Vehicle Performance
Driveline Torque About the Steer Axis Camber Thrust
Influence of Tractive Force on Tire Tire Type
Cornering Stiffness Load
Influence of Tractive Force on Aligning Inflation Pressure
Moment Tread Design
Fore/Aft Load Transfer Other Factors
Summary of FWD Understeer Relevance to Vehicle Performance
Influences Aligning Moment
Four-Wheel Steer Slip Angle
Low-Speed Turning Path Curvature
High-Speed Cornering Relevance to Vehicle Performance
References Combined Braking and Corning
Friction Circle
Chapter 9 — ROLLOVER Variables
Quasi-Static Rollover of a Rigid Vehicle Relevance to Vehicle Performance
Quasi-Static Rollover of a Suspended Vehicle Conicity and Ply Steer
Transient Rollover Relevance to Vehicle Performance
Simple Roll Models Durability Forces
Yaw-Roll Models Tire Vibrations
Tripping References
Accident Experience
References Appendix A — SAE J670e - Vehicle Dynamics
Terminology
Appendix B — SAE J6a - Ride and Vibration Data
Manual
Index
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