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TRANSFORMATIONS
WITH
MATRICES
Section 44
Points on the coordinate plane can be represented by
matrices. The ordered pair ( , ) can be represented by the
x y
column matrix at the right.
Polygons on the coordinate plane can be represented by placing all of
vertex matrix
the column matrices into one matrix called a .
with vertices
ΔABC A(3, 2), B(4, 2 ),
and can be represented by
C(2, 1) the
following vertex matrix. A
C
B
transformations
You can use matrices to perform .
(translations, reflections, and rotations)
preimage
Remember that the original figure is called the
image
and the figure after the transformation is the .
If the two figures are congruent then the
isometry
transformation is an .
Example 1
Translation
a. Find the coordinates of the vertices of the image of
quadrilateral with , , ,
QUAD Q(2, 3) U(5, 2) A(4, 2)
and , if it is moved 4 units to the left and 2 units up.
D(1, 1)
Write the vertex
matrix for
quadrilateral
QUAD.
Write the transformation
matrix.
Example 1
continued
Vertex Matrix Translation Vertex Matrix
Matrix of
of QUAD Q'U'A'D'
+ =
The coordinates of
are:
Q'U'A'D'
, ,
Q'(2, 5) U'(1, 4)
and .
A'(0, 0) D'(3, 1)
b. Graph the
preimage and
the image.
Example 2
Rectangle is the result of a translation of rectangle
A'B'C'D' ABCD.
A table of the vertices of each rectangle is shown. Find the coordinates
of .
A and D'
Rectangle Rectangle
ABCD A'B'C'D'
A A'(1, 1)
B(1, 5) B'(4, 1)
C(1, 2) C'(4, 6)
D(4, 2) D'
Dilations
dilation
When a figure is reduced or enlarged it is called a .
All linear dimensions of the preimage change in the same ratio.
Example: If the length of each side of a figure doubles,
then the perimeter doubles, and vice versa.
When a dilation occurs, the figures are not congruent, they are similar.
Therefore, Dilations are not isometries.
You can use scalar multiplication to perform dilations.
Example 3 Dilation
has vertices , , . Dilate
ΔJKL J(2, 3) K(5, 4) and L(3, 2) ΔJKL
so that its perimeter is onehalf the original perimeter.
a. Find the vertices of
ΔJ'K'L'.
Multiply the vertex
matrix for by the
ΔJKL
scale factor to find
½
the vertices of .
ΔJ'K'L'
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