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Problem Set 3. Cost Benefit Analysis and the Production Possibility Frontier
EconS 326
1. One of Washington State’s source for irrigation water is snowpack accumulated during winter. When
the snowpack melt during spring season, water is allocated towards production of two goods: apples
and pears.
1.1 Illustrate the effect on the state’s production possibilities if there is a reduction in winter snowpack.
Label your graph completely. Give a brief explanation on what the effect of a reduction in winter
snowpack will be on the production of apple and pear.
1.1 Loss in snowpack
Apple
Pear
Water is a resource used in the production of apple and pear. With lower water, the PPF shrinks.
1.2 Illustrate the effect on the state’s production possibilities if a new technology is produced for apples
that allows producers to use less water but obtain the same amount of yield. Label your graph
completely. Give a brief explanation on the effect of this technological change on the production of
apples and pears.
Apple
Pear
Technology development for apple increases the maximum amount that can be produced if all resources
are used to produce apple only. This shifts the PPF out in the following manner. Note that since less
water are needed to produce apple per unit of good, more pears can
also be produced.
1.3 A measure of GDP (which incorporates prices of goods in the economy) is needed to determine the
optimal amount of apples and pears produced in the city. Assume that a new study finds that the
consumption of pears increases own immunity from influenza which also makes individuals around
the consumer of pears less likely to catch influenza. Using the production possibility frontier and
GDP line, illustrate the private production of apples and pears and compare it with the socially
optimal level of production of apples and pears. Label your graph completely. Explain your graph.
1.3 Private versus social level of goods
Apple
Z
Ap
As Y
Pp Ps Pear
Total GDP is ܩܦܲ ൌ ܲ ܣܲܲ where ܲ is the price of apple, ܲ is the price of pear, A is apple and P is
pear. Point Z shows the private level of apple and pear. If there is added benefits from using or
producing pear there is a positive externality. If there is a positive externality, the market price is lower
than the socially optimal price for pear If we use the socially optimal price for pear, we would be at a
point Y and more pear is produced while less apple is produced.
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