Paper Name:  Environmental Studies 
      
      
              Unit IV: Biodiversity (Part I) 
      
      
      
      
      
     Teacher Name: Dr. Swati M. Biswas 
      
     Course & Semester:       B.A.(H) English II semester 
                        B.A.(H) Economics II semester 
                        B.Com (H) II semester 
      
                   BIODIVERSITY 
      •Biodiversity is the variety and variability of life on Earth. Biodiversity is typically a 
      measure of variation at the genetic, species, and ecosystem level. 
      •The  1992  United  Nations  Earth  Summit  defined  "biological  diversity"  as  "the 
      variability among living organisms from all sources, including, 'inter alia', terrestrial, 
      marine and other aquatic ecosystems and the ecological complexes of which they are 
      part: this includes diversity within species, between species and of ecosystems". This 
      definition is used in the United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity 
      •The term 'Biodiversity', coined by Walter G. Rosen in the year 1985  which is a 
      relatively  compound  word  of  the  longer  version  'Biological  Diversity',  which  was 
      introduced  by  Lovejoy  (1980)  to  express  the  number  of  species  present  in  the 
      community. 
       
       
                    United Nations designated  
          •2011–2020 -United Nations Decade on Biodiversity 
          • 2021–2030 -United Nations Decade on Ecosystem Restoration 
                BIODIVERSITY 
                                                                        Biodiversity 
                                                                              value 
                                                                                                                 NON 
                        CONSUMPTIVE 
                                                                                                        CONSUMPTIVE 
                                                                  ENVIRONMENTAL                        SOCIAL                 AESTHETIC                  ETHICAL 
                LOCAL                COMMERCIAL 
                                                                                                                                                      Related         to 
                                                                     •    Balance of nature 
                                                                                                     Part    of   their    Knowledge and an 
                                                                                                                                                      biodiversity 
                                                                     •    Biological productivity  
                                                                                                     livelihood as         appreciation of the 
                                                                                                                                                      conservation  are 
                                                                     •    Regulation of climate  
                                                                                                     well  as  through     presence of 
                                                                                                                                                      based    on    the 
           •  Food                   •  Paper and pulp 
                                                                     •    Degradation of waste  
                                                                                                     cultural      and     biodiversity for its 
                                                                                                                                                      belief  that   All 
           •  Fuel wood              •  Fuel wood 
                                                                     •    Cleaning  of  air  and 
                                                                                                     religious             own sake . 
                                                                                                                                                      forms of life have 
           •  Medicine               •  Medicine  
                                                                          water  
                                                                                                     sentiments.           Ecotourism concept 
                                                                                                                                                      the  right  to  exist 
           •  Crop varieties         •  Crop varieties 
                                                                     •    Cycling of nutrients  
                                                                                                                                                      on earth 
           •  Fodder                 •  Fodder 
                                                                     •    Control  of  potential 
           •  Timber                 •  Timber 
                                                                          pests    and    disease 
           •  Animal products        •  Cotton 
                                                                          causing species  
           •  Fish                   •  Wool 
                                                                     •    Detoxification  of  soil 
                                     •  Silk 
                                                                          and sediments  
                                     •  Animal products 
                                                                     •    Stabilization  of  land 
                                     •  Fish 
                                                                          against erosion  
                                     •  Resin 
                                                                     •    Carbon  sequestration 
                                     •  Honey 
                                                                          and    global   climate 
                                                                          change  
                                                                     •    Maintenance  of  soil 
                                                                          fertility