Research Proposal and Ethics 
               Workshop
                  Lecture 7
               Research Philosophy
                 DrAndre Samuel 
               andre.samuel@sam.edu.tt
             http://www.samuellearning.org
                                                        The Research Process
                                                        adapted from: Saunders et 
                                                        al (2007, pg. 10) , Cooper 
                                                        and Schindler (2006, pg. 55)
                           Formulate and Clarify the 
                           Research Topic/Question
     Research 
     Proposal             Critically Review the Literature
                                                                   Address 
                         Formulate your Research Design            Ethical 
                                                                   Issues
                         Data Collection and Preparation
                         Data Analysis and Interpretation
                        Conclusion and Recommendation
     Research 
      Report
    The Honeycomb Model-Wilson (2013)                            Epistemology: Interpretivism, Pragmatism, Positivism
                                                                 Ontology: Subjectivism, Objectivism
                                                                 Axiology: Value Free, Biased
                                                       1. Research 
  Qualitative Analysis:                                Philosophy                                  Inductive
  Narrative Analysis                                                                               Deductive
  Quantitative Analysis           6. Data                                     2. Research 
  Descriptive Statistics          Analysis                                     Approach
  Inferential Statistics
                                                        Research 
                                                     Methodology
                                  5. Data                                     3. Research              Qualitative
                                Collection                                      Strategy               Quantitative
          Interviews                                                                                   Mixed Methods
          Focus Groups                                4. Research 
          Questionnaires                                 Design
          Secondary Data
                                                       Survey
                                                       Case Study
   Research Paradigm
  •These are general orientation about the world 
  the researcher holds. Creswell  (2009, pg.6)
  •The types of beliefs held by researchers will 
  often lead to embracing a particular paradigm.
  •Paradigm are opposing worldviews either: 
   •Scientific (objective) i.e. Positivist or 
   •Constructivist (subjective) i.e. Phenomenologist