Introduction and purpose
     Within this presentation we intend to 
   explain the theory which has influenced 
   much of the current American healthcare 
   community and economy.
     There is a great expectation for not only 
   high level technology and care, but also 
   ever increasing customer service.
     We are able to begin providing holistic, 
   cultural aware care by studying Madeleine 
   Leininger’s Theory of Transcultural Care.
           Evidence Based Practice
       Leininger’s impact can be felt in many areas of 
        nursing today. 
       Specific care depending on individual culture
       Eliminate long-standing disparities in the health 
        status of people of diverse cultural backgrounds
       Improve quality of services and health 
        outcomes. 
       To gain a competitive edge in the market place 
        (Schneider)
       The sunrise model was developed by Leininger 
        to guide nurses in assessing cultural data for an 
        understanding of its influence on the patients 
        life (Black, 2014).
          Leininger’s Metaparadigm: 
            Person and Environment
    Person
     
      “Humans are universally caring beings who survive in a 
      diversity of cultures through their ability to provide 
      universality of care in a variety of ways according to 
      differing cultures, needs and settings” (Nursing Theories, 
      2012).
     
      Includes physical, spiritual, emotional, and social aspects
    Environment
     
      “Included events with meanings and interpretations given 
      to them in particular physical, ecological, sociopolitical or 
      cultural setting. Existing forces outside the organism and 
      in the context of culture” (Nursing Theories, 2012).
     
      Behaviors & health are influenced by culture
     
      Assessment of patient’s environment crucial 
                  Leininger’s Metaparadigm: 
                                Health and Nursing
              Health: 
               “Encompasses a broad spectrum of conditions, 
                  including well-being, illness, disability, and handicap” 
                  (University of the Philippines Open University, 2011).
               -Health is universal across cultures but specific to each 
                  individual culture.
               -Nurses must be sensitive to beliefs, values, and 
                  practices of each culture.
              Nursing: 
               “a learned humanistic and scientific profession and 
                  discipline that focuses on phenomena and activities of 
                  human care in order to assist, support, facilitate, or 
                  enable individuals or groups to maintain or regain their 
                  well-being in culturally meaningful and beneficial ways” 
                  (University of the Philippines Open University,2011). 
            Evidence Based Practice in a 
                           Global Community
           Local
             Avoid ethnocentrism in practice
             Understanding and respecting local culture gives 
                patients a sense of trust
           Regional
             Being sensitive to culture can help bridge the gap 
                between traditional health care and cultural 
                norms of a society
           Global
             Universality- Common similarities among cultures
             The more knowledgeable nurses are about other 
                cultures, the more caring and sensitive to others’ 
                cultural needs