INTRODUCTION
       Each chemical reaction involves an 
        enthalpy change that leads to 
        change in temperature. 
       The amount of substance 
        converted during the reaction 
        determines the increase (i.e. 
        exothermic reaction) or decrease 
        (i.e. endothermic reaction) in 
        temperature.
      INTRODUCTION (CONTD.)
        In thermometric titration, the reagent solution (titrant) 
         is added to the sample at a constant rate until 
         attaining the endpoint. 
        The change in temperature of the reaction solution is 
         plotted against the volume of titrant that is added. 
        The titration endpoint can be identified by a break in 
         the titration curve, and can be accurately determined 
         by means of the second derivative. 
        As the temperature sensor (Thermoprobe) has a 0.3 
         second response time and a 10-5K resolution, even 
         minute changes in enthalpy can be monitored reliably.
     TITRATION (CONTD)
       Consider the titration reaction:
       aA + bB = pP
     Where:
       A = the titrant, and a = the corresponding 
        number of moles reacting
       B = the analyte, and b = the corresponding 
        number of moles reacting
       P = the product, and p = the corresponding 
        number of moles produced
     TITRATION (CONTD)
        At completion, the reaction produces a molar 
         heat of reaction ΔHr which is shown as a 
         measurable temperature change ΔT. 
        In an ideal system, where no losses or gains of 
         heat due to environmental influences are 
         involved, the progress of the reaction is observed 
         as a constant increase or decrease of 
         temperature depending respectively on whether 
         ΔHr is negative (indicating an exothermic 
         reaction) or positive (indicating an endothermic 
         reaction). 
  IDEALIZED TITRATION
    Figs. 1a & 1b. Idealized thermometric titration 
    plots of exothermic (left) and endothermic (right) 
    reactions