Overview
    I.    Chromosomes
          A. Definition
          B. Structure
          C. Identification
    II.   Karyotypes
          A. Definition
          B. Methods
          C. Staining
          D. Importance
       Chromosomes
       Definition
        Genetic structures of cells 
         containing DNA
       Identification
        Each chromosome has a 
         characteristic length and banding 
         pattern
       The breakdown of a 
       Chromosome
        Each autosome is numbered from 
         1-22, sex chromosomes either X or 
         Y
          p arm 
           (short 
            arm)
     Centromer             q arm 
              e            (long arm)
        Chromosome Labeling
   Chromosome        Each arm          Each sub-
   is identified     divided into      region 
   with a            sub-regions       divided into 
   number            and               bands 
   ranging 1-22,     identified by     identified 
   or X and Y        a number          with a 
   Example - 1q2.4                     number
    The first chromosome, long arm, second 
     region of the chromosome, the fourth 
     band of that sub-region
        A Karyotype
        Definition
         A 
          photographic 
          arrangement           1         2            3          4           5
          of a complete 
          set of 
          chromosomes           6      7      8       9      10    11    12
          of a cell or 
          organism            13        14       15      16       17     18
                              19             20        21      22       X  Y