Benchmark indicator
       Leuven and Louvain-la-Neuve Communiqué:
       In 2020, at least 20% of those graduating in 
       the European Higher Education Area should 
       have had a study or training period abroad.
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        Benchmark indicator
         What the Communiqué says:
           – Target refers to graduates and not mobile students enrolled;
           – Target includes implicitly long-term and short-term mobility;
           – Target seems to refer to outbound mobility; 
         What the Communiqué leaves open:
           – Types of short-term mobility to be considered (credit mobility / 
             other short-term mobility);
           – Which destinations should be taken into account, whole world or 
             other countries of the EHEA?
           – Level of education (cycle). Bachelor, Master or both?
           – Period of studies of the graduate during which short-term mobility 
             should have taken place.
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        Benchmark indicator
        Proposal for benchmark indicator:
            – Percentage of those graduating in the EHEA that coming 
               from the EHEA graduated in a country different from their 
               origin or have spent a period abroad rendering credit for 
               the programme they have completed.
              Number of EHEA graduates that have as origin a country of the EHEA different
            from their destination for full study programme or have spent a period abroad for credit
                            Total number of graduates in the EHEA
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         Benchmark indicator & Supplementary indicators
          Percentage of EHEA graduates that coming from the 
            EHEA graduated in a country different from their origin or 
            have spent a period abroad rendering credit for the 
            programme they have completed
          Distinguishing between diploma mobility and credit mobility
          Extending to other short-term mobility
          Mobility by socio-economic background of the students
          Balance between inbound and outbound mobility
          Balance of mobility across countries
          Measuring the level of integration of the EHEA
          Share of EHEA in worldwide mobile students
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         Benchmark indicator in detail
         Scope in terms of types of mobility
             – Indicator should combine long-term (diploma) and short-
               term mobility
             – Short-term mobility
                 • Credit mobility
                    – Mobility for the purpose of gaining credit; after mobility 
                      students return to home institution;
                    – Institution is aware of mobility;
                    – Not collected, but can be integrated in current data 
                      collection tools;
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