There are 2 types of cells
  1. Prokaryotes
  2. Eukaryotes
          Prokaryotes
  • Do NOT have a membrane 
   surrounding genetic material, 
   therefore, can make proteins 
   simultaneously when reading 
   genetic code.
  • Lack some structures found in 
   Eukaryotic cells
          Eukaryotes
  • Have a membrane surrounding their 
   DNA, forming a NUCLEUS
  • Contain numerous internal 
   membranes that have specific 
   functions, called ORGANELLES
      External Structures – 
            Bacteria 
  • Glycocalyces – Sugar based external 
    surrounding firmly attached to cell’s 
    surface.
  • Flagella – Tail like structure that propels 
    bacteria (also found on sperm cells). Flow 
    of hydrogen and sodium ions allows 
    movement.
  • Fimbriae and Pili – Hair like structures 
    that adhere to surfaces to move 
    bacterium.
            Cell Walls
  • Found in most prokaryotes – allows 
    attachment to other cells and resistance 
    to antimicrobial drugs.
  • Eg. Penicillin attacks cell walls of 
    microbes
  • Peptidoglycan – Polysaccharide, divides 
    cells into two types:
  1. Gram-Positive (Thick layer of 
    peptidoglycan)
  2. Gram-Negative (Thin layer of 
    peptidoglycan)