• Definition:
  • Bioinformatics is an interdisciplinary field that develops 
   & improves upon methods for strong, retrieving & 
   analyzing biological data.
  • Biological data                Biotechnological data
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  •
  Bioinformatics has become the magic world today.
  •
  It has been described as the future of life sciences.
  •
  The biological research is rapidly becoming data driven.
  •
  Relationship & converting massive volumes of complex biological 
  data  into  useful  information  (computer  processing    of  biological 
  output).
 • Term Bioinformatics  was invented by Paulien 
  Hogeweg   and Ben Hesper in 1970 as "the study 
  of informatic processes in biotic systems".
 • The NCBI (The National Center For Biotechnology 
  Information) defines the bioinformatics as…..
 • It is a field of science in which biology, computer 
  science & information technology merge into a 
  single discipline.
 • At the beginning of genomic revolution, the main 
  concern of bioinformatics was creation & 
  maintenance of a database to store the biological 
  information.
 • Development of this type of database involved not only 
  design issues but the development of as interface 
  whereby researchers could access existing data as well as 
  submit or revised data.
 • The fundamental reason that the bioinformatics gained 
  importance as a discipline was the advancement of 
  genomic studies (genomic sequences).
 • This generates enormous genomic sequence information 
  (data).
 • This demands for efficient computational tools to 
  manage & analyze the data.
 • By merging all these disciplines created an information-
  oriented field in biology i.e. bioinformatics.
 • The genome sequencing projects produced enormous 
  amount of data.
 • Now it is the greatest challenge before molecular biologists 
  to make sense of his generated data.
 • Genome
 • DNA…….   Genes……Chromosomes…..Nucleus of the Cell.
 • Central Dogma of Molecular Biology.
 • DAN----------RNA-----------PROTEINS (Transcription) 
 • Three central biological processes around which 
  bioinformatics tool must be developed.
  
 • 1. DNA sequence which determines protein sequence.
 • 2. Protein sequence which determines protein structure.
 • Protein structure which determines function.
 Scope:
 • Development of computational tools & databases & 
  application of these tools, databases for better 
  understanding biological processes.
 • These tools are used in three areas of genomic & 
  molecular biological research.
 • Molecular sequence analysis
 • Molecular structural analysis
 • Molecular functional analysis.