Biochemical Makeup 
     Proteins are made 
      up of amino acid 
      chains
     They chains are             Amino Functional 
      bonded by peptide           Group
      bonds
     Proteins are part of 
      the amino and                    Carboxyl 
      carboxyl functional              Functional 
                                       Group
      groups
    Formation
     Proteins are formed 
      by dehydration 
      synthesis
     Made into a peptide 
      bond
     Bonded to other 
      peptide bonds to 
      become a long chain 
      of peptide bonds or 
      a polypeptide
    Amino Acids
     There are twenty 
      amino acids in our 
      bodies
     Can be one chain of 
      amino acids or 
      multiple
     Either hydrophobic or 
      hydrophilic
     Each sequence of 
      amino acids is unique 
      to itself
    Amino, R, and Carboxyl 
    groups
     Proteins are part 
      the amino, R, and 
      Carboxyl groups
     The amino group 
      acts as a base
     The carboxyl acts 
      as an acid
     The R or variable 
      group means there 
      is hydrogen 
      present
    Primary and Secondary Protein 
    Structure
     Primary structure: 
      A chain of amino 
      acids bonded by 
      peptide bonds
     Secondary                       Primary 
                                      Structure
      Structure: The sub-
      structure of a 
      protein. Shows                       Secondary 
      alpha helices and                    Structure
      beta sheets