Phonology: Sound Arrangement
 2                September 1, 2022      intro to ling/ssn/2007
       Definiton 
        Phonology is the study of the sound patterns of language. 
        Phonology is the component of a grammar which 
          includes the inventory of sounds (phonetic and 
          phonemic units) and rules for their combination and 
          pronunciation
        It is concerned with how sounds are organized in a language. 
        Phonology examines what occurs to speech sounds when they 
          are combined to form a word and how these speech sounds 
          interact with each other. 
   3                    September 1, 2022        intro to ling/ssn/2007
       Scope
        Phonetics -- What are the sounds? How are they 
          produced in the mouth? 
        Phonology -- How do sounds combine? How are 
          they memorized? 
        Speaker's Mind → Speaker's Mouth → Listener's Ear 
          → Listener's Mind 
   4                   September 1, 2022       intro to ling/ssn/2007
       Phonemes
         the phonetic alphabet of the mind
          → how we mentally represent speech; how we store 
          the sounds of words in our memory. 
         the phonetic alphabet is universal (we can write down 
          the speech sounds actually uttered in any language)
          e.g. [θ]
         the phonemic alphabet varies from language to 
          language
          e.g. /θ/
   5                    September 1, 2022        intro to ling/ssn/2007
       Finding Phonemes
        How do we find out what's in someone's mind? How 
          do we figure out how people store the sounds of 
          words in their memories?
       →look for minimal pairs of words
          → pair of words that have different meanings and 
          which differ in only one sound (the difference in 
          sounds is significant, and so the two sounds must 
          both be phonemes)
   6                   September 1, 2022        intro to ling/ssn/2007