Essence of the problem
             Essence of the problem
      Regular agricultural censuses and intermittent 
         agricultural surveys provided a relatively good 
         overview of farm income, assets, land size, etc. in 
         the so-called ‘commercial sector’. 
      Only very limited statistics on farm household 
         activities, sales, income was available from the 
         agricultural sector in the ‘former homelands’. 
                                    
           Essence of the problem 
           Essence of the problem 
      None of the agricultural censuses in the pre-
        1994 years covered these regions resulting 
        in only a one-sided picture of the total 
        agricultural sector and also a total data void 
        on rural households and livelihoods in the 
        ‘former homelands’. 
                                
           Tools for Rural Income 
           Tools for Rural Income 
         Measurement & Analysis
          Measurement & Analysis
     Agricultural censuses & surveys
     Rural indicators / surveys
                              
          Agricultural Censuses & 
          Agricultural Censuses & 
                      Surveys
                      Surveys
     Main information source on farming 
       income.
     Did not consider total household income.
     The censuses & surveys were regularly 
       conducted.
     Were mainly based on mail questionnaires, 
       which farmers had to complete.
     Results were fairly aggregated.
                              
            Agricultural Censuses & 
             Agricultural Censuses & 
                        Surveys (2)
                        Surveys (2)
      It only covered the so-called ‘commercial sector.’
      Farmers in the homelands were excluded from the 
         censuses & surveys. 
      Had a fairly good coverage.
      Income were measured solely on income earned 
         from agricultural activities.
      Partly because farming was considered a full-time 
         activity.