• Electrophoresis is one of the most important 
   method for separating colloidal particles and 
   biological  molecules such as   -
  • Proteins 
  • Carbohydrates 
  • Nucleic acid
  • Polysaccharides
  • Peptides
  • Amino acids
  • Oligosaccharides
  • Nucleosides
  • Organic acids
  • Small anions and cat ions of body fluids .
        Principle of Electrophoresis 
        Principle of Electrophoresis 
  •
  Electrophoresis is a separation technique.
  •
  Use to separate out  ionizable 
  substances in a sample.
  • Based on the principle that –
  •  A charged particle in solution will 
   migrate towards one of the electrodes 
   when placed in an electrical field .
   -Cations, positively charged particles   will 
   -Cations, positively charged particles   will 
         migrate to cathode.
         migrate to cathode.
   -Anions ,  negatively charged particles will 
   -Anions ,  negatively charged particles will 
          migrate to anode.
          migrate to anode.
  • The proteins found in plasma (TSP) all 
   have amino acids as their subunits. 
  • So ,each protein has its own specific 
   isoelectric point.
  • Because of their different isoelectric 
   points, each protein will move at a 
   different rate when placed in an 
   electrical field.
  • Proteins with similar isoelectric 
   points will migrate to a similar area in 
   an electrical field
          Serum protein electrophoresis
          Serum protein electrophoresis
           Hydragel – agarose gel
           Hydragel – agarose gel
               Serum proteins are separated into 6 
               groups: 
               Albumin
               α1 - globulins
               α2 - globulins
               β1 - globulins
               β2 - globulins
               γ - globulins