Learning Objectives
                                  2
     
       Discuss basic inventory principles.
     
       Describe inventory management objectives.
     
       Explain the relevant inventory costs.
     
       Explain the ABC inventory classification model.
     
       Discuss inventory record accuracy.
     
       Calculate order quantities.
     
       Calculate the appropriate safety stock level.
     
       Describe the periodic review approach.
                      Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
                 Types of Inventory
                                 3
     
        Inventory comes in many shapes/sizes:
       Raw materials – purchased items or extracted materials 
         transformed into components or products
       Components – parts or subassemblies used in final product
       Work-in-process – items in process throughout the plant
       Finished goods – products sold to customers
       Distribution inventory – finished goods in the distribution 
         system
                     Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
       Types of Inventory – cont’d
                          4
                 Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
        How Manufacturers Use Inventory
                                   5
      1.  Anticipation or seasonal inventory (for future demand)
      2.  Fluctuation Inventory or Safety (or Reserve) Stock: 
          buffer demand fluctuations
      3.  Lot-size or cycle stock: take advantage of quantity 
          discounts or purchasing efficiencies
      4.  Transportation or Pipeline inventory
      5.  Speculative or hedge inventory protects against some 
          future event, e.g. labor strike, price increase
      6.  Maintenance, repair, and operating (MRO) inventories, 
          e.g. hand tools, lubricants, supplies
                      Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
       Inventory in Service Organizations
                                 6
     
        Achieving good inventory control may require the 
       following:
        Select, train and discipline personnel
        Maintain tight control over incoming shipments
        Maintain tight control over outgoing shipments
                     Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.