Purpose
      Provide current knowledge and a general 
      understanding of nutrition care and support of 
      children 2–9 years old who are living with HIV 
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                  Learning Objectives
    • Describe the nutritional needs of and dietary 
      recommendations for children 2–9 years old.
    • Explain how HIV increases the risk of undernutrition and 
      the etiology and consequences of growth failure and 
      development in children infected with HIV.
    • Describe dietary recommendations for children infected 
      with HIV.
    • Explain factors to consider when planning nutrition care 
      and support for children 2–9 years old infected with HIV.
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                   Session Outline
    • Undernutrition in young children 
    • HIV infection in young children
    • Effects of HIV on the nutritional status of young 
      children
    • Purpose of nutrition care and support for young 
      HIV-infected children
    • Components of nutrition care and support for 
      young HIV-infected children
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         HIV in Children 2–9 Years Old
    • Most children with HIV are infected:
        – In utero
        – During labor and delivery
        – During breastfeeding
        – From contaminated needles
        – From blood
        – From sexual abuse
    • Children with HIV are vulnerable to childhood 
       illnesses and disease.
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    HIV in Children 2–9 Years Old, Cont.
     • Routine diagnosis of pediatric HIV is not done in many 
       developing countries: 
       – Early diagnosis of pediatric AIDS is difficult.
       – Tests for adults cannot be used for children < 18 months old. 
       – Child HIV tests are expensive.
     • Signs and symptoms of HIV (WHO) 
       – Weight loss
       – Chronic diarrhea
       – Failure to thrive
       – Oral thrush
       – Fever
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