Cross-cultural management
   Cross-cultural management studies the behavior of people in 
   organizations around the world and trains people to work in 
   organizations with employee and client populations.
   It describes organizational behavior within countries and cultures;
   Compares organizational behavior across cultures and countries:
   and perhaps, most importantly, seeks to understand and improve 
   the interaction of co-workers, clients, suppliers, and alliance 
   partners from different countries and cultures.  Cross-cultural 
   management thus expands the scope of domestic management to 
   encompass the international and multicultural spheres.
   Adler: “International Dimensions of Organizational Behavior” (1991)
       Management challenge in a globalized world
    Globalization & Multicultural Management               Page 3
                      Marine aktiviteter
                      Marine aktiviteter                  Aalborg Industries 
                      Industri aktiviteter                Aalborg Industries 
                      Industri aktiviteter
                      Fabrikker
                      Fabrikker                                                        Selskaber
                                                                                       Selskaber
                                               Aalborg              Stockholm
                                                Aalborg             Stockholm
                                                                    Rauma
                                                                     Rauma
                                                                                                               Dalian
                                                                                                               Dalian
                                                                                                               Busan
                                                                                                               Busan
                                             Rotterdam
                                             Rotterdam                                                          Kobe
                                                                                                                Kobe
                                                                                                                Tokyo
                                                                                                                Tokyo
                                                                                                              Qingdao
                                      Miami                                                                   Qingdao
                                      Miami                                                                  Shanghai
                                                                                                             Shanghai
                                                                                                               Nanjing
                                                                                    Hanoi                      Nanjing
                                                                                    Hanoi
                                                                                                          Guangzhou
               Houston                                                                                    Guangzhou
               Houston                                                        Dubai
                                                                              Dubai                        Hong Kong
                                                                                                           Hong Kong
                                                                                 Singapore
                                                                                 Singapore
                                                                                    Jakarta
                                                                                    Jakarta
                                                 Macaé
                                                 Macaé
                                                 Petrópolis
                                                 Petrópolis
                                                 São Paulo
                                                 São Paulo
        Globalization & Multicultural Management                                                            Page 4
      Business forms new & old:
        •  HQ-Subsidiaries
        •  Projects
        •  Joint ventures
        •  M&A
        •  Strategic alliances, partnerships
        •  Outsourcing/Offshoring
        >> Mgt of operations which are located in different 
           organisations in different parts of the world with 
           personnel of diverse backgrounds.
          Changing structures & management capabilities
      From traditional hierarchical structures emphasizing either-or choices 
         (centralization vs decentralization, product vs geographcial divisions) >>
      Transnational, integrated networks of assets and resources with 
         multidimensional mgt perspectives and capabilities, and flexible 
         coordinative processes.
      Managers must be able to sense and intepret complex and dynamic 
         environmental changes; able to develop & integrate multiple strategic 
         capabilities; able to build & manage the new organisations required to 
         link these sensing and response capabilities; and deliver coordinated 
         action on a world-wide basis.
         Bartlett & Ghoshal, ”Building Transnational Capabilties: The Management Challenge” 
         (2000)
      Globalization & Multicultural Management                                Page 6