Contents
      1. Cloud Benefits with Existing Tools  in the Healthcare Sector
      2. Categorization   of   Cloud-Based  Applications  in  the 
         Healthcare Sector
      3. Security  and  Risk  Assessment  Issues  in  the  Healthcare 
         Cloud-Based IT Systems
      4. Case Studies in Security
      5. Risk Analysis 
      6. Conclusions – Future Work
     Tools and Benefits of Cloud Computing in 
            Healthcare Sector
    1. Flexibility  and  Scalability.  Tools:  Rack  Servers,  Flashed-
     Based Arrays. 
    2. Enhancement of Patient  Safety.  Tools:  IBM  Watson  Care 
     Manager,  Diabetes  Care,  eClinicalWorks  EHR,  McKesson, 
     Flatiron  OncologyCloud  (a  set  of  oncology  tools),  Varian 
     Fullscale  Oncology  IT  solution  (a  planning  system  of 
     oncology  treatment),  IBM  Watson  for  Oncology  (an 
     application of cognitive help for oncologists)
    3.    Enhancement of Medical Research. Tools: Eyenuk EyeArt
    4.    Data Interoperability. Tools: IBM Explorys, eClinicalWorks, 
    McKesson, Cerner and Phytel Population Health Management 
    of IBM
        Categorization of Cloud-Based Applications in the 
                            Healthcare Sector
        Cloud  Service  Types:  IaaS  (Infrastructure  as  a  Service),  PaaS 
        (Platform as a Service), SaaS (Software as a Service).
        • IaaS:  Storage  Applications,  Computing  Power  Applications, 
           Network Applications.
        • PaaS: Digital  MRI  analysis,  X-rays  dashboard on Microsoft 
           Azure  and Digital  Pathology System (Daman et al, 2016).
        • SaaS: Applications of Data Analytics and Business Intelligence, 
           Applications   of   Data   Integration,  Team  Collaboration 
           Applications,   CRM  Applications,     Project    Management 
           Applications,   Applications   for   Office   and    Document 
           Management,  ERP  Applications,  HRM  Applications,  Clinic 
           Applications.
                                    Application Categories                                    Applications
                             Storage Applications                    AWS Elastic Block Storage (EBS), Rackspace Storage Cloud BI, 
                                                                     Azure Premium Storage, Google Persistent Disks, Amazon S3, 
                                                                     Rackspace  Cloud  Files,  Azure  Blob  Storage,  Google  Cloud 
                                                                     Storage
                             Computing Power Applications            Amazon EC2, Microsoft Azure Virtual Machines, Compute 
                                                                     Engine of Google Cloud
                             Network Applications                    AWS Elastic Load Balancer, Microsoft Azure Load Balancer, 
                                                                     Google GPC Load Balancer, Amazon Route 53
                             PaaS Applications                       Digital MRI analysis, X-rays dashboard built on Microsoft Azure, 
                                                                     Digital Pathology System for archiving pathological slides
                             Applications of Data Analytics and      Domo, Sisense, Geo-scatter
                             Business Intelligence
                             Applications of Data                    SnapLogic, Information Builders, Attunity
                             Integration
                             Team Collaboration                      SBAR tools
                             Applications
                             CRM Applications                        Salesforce Health Cloud, Healthgrades Healthcare CRM, 
                                                                     Freshsales, Pega Customer Service for Healthcare, Influx MD
                             Project Management                      Zoho Projects, Trello, Zapier, Asana, Monday, Insightly, 
                             Applications                            Toodledo, Allthings
                             Applications for Office and Document    Google Drive, Gmail, MS Outlook, PostgreSQL, Carbonite
                             Management
                             ERP Applications                        Evident, Harris Enterprise Resource Planning, Infor, Intacct, 
                                                                     Mckesson, Meditech, Oracle, Prognosis Innovation Healthcare, 
                                                                     billing, SAP, Supply Chain
                             HRM Applications                        Omniprise HRM, Triton HR, Epicor HR, Sage HRMS, Lawson HR, 
                                                                     Ascentis, Halogen, Tribe HR, Vista HRMS
                             Clinic Applications                     Telehealth, EHR, PACS
                         Malware in a Hospital Network
         •  A Virus is a program that self replicates by injecting its code into other 
            data  files.  A  virus  spreads,  attempts  to  corrupt  specific  targets  and  is 
            normally executable.
         •  A Worm copies itself over a network. Unlike a computer virus, it does not 
            have to attach itself to an existing program. It just consumes bandwidth 
            and increases the network traffic.
         •  Trojan is a program that once executed performs a task other than the 
            expected.
         •  Adware is a malicious software that automatically displays online adverts 
            and generates revenues for their creator. In some cases, it may contain 
            spyware,  install  additional  programs  and  redirect  the  users  to  unsafe 
            sites. 
         •  Spyware is malicious software code which runs secretly on a computer, 
            gathers  information  about  the  user’s  browsing  habits  and  sends  this 
            information back to a remote entity.