EPIDEMIOLOGY-
                EPIDEMIOLOGY-
         PRESENT PERSPECTIVES
          PRESENT PERSPECTIVES
    •   A  PHILOSOPHICAL STUDY OF HEALTH
        A  PHILOSOPHICAL STUDY OF HEALTH
        
            PROBLEM  (SLIDES 3-11)
            PROBLEM  (SLIDES 3-11)
    • AN  ART OF THE  POSSIBLE (SLIDES 11 - 17)
      AN  ART OF THE  POSSIBLE (SLIDES 11 - 17)
    •  A  SCIENCE WITH  WIDER APPLICATIONS
       A  SCIENCE WITH  WIDER APPLICATIONS
                                                            (SLIDES 18-37)
                                                            (SLIDES 18-37)
      (OXFORD TEXT BOOK OF PUBLIC HEALTH)
      (OXFORD TEXT BOOK OF PUBLIC HEALTH)
                               
         PHILOSOPHICAL STUDY
         PHILOSOPHICAL STUDY
                SLIDES  3 TO 11
                               
                        EPIDEMIOLOGY
                        EPIDEMIOLOGY
             PHILOSOPHICAL  
             PHILOSOPHICAL                                            
                                                                      
                                         Philosophy is that ill health 
     
                                         is non-randomly distributed 
                   STUDY                 in the nature in clusters 
                   STUDY  
                                         making  things easier         
                     OF                  to study its various 
                     OF             
                                         presentations.   It is not  
                HEALTH                   just the methodology of 
                HEALTH 
                                         describing  its distribution 
              PROBLEM                    and determinants. It is more 
              PROBLEM
                                         than  a methodology. 
    (OXFORD TEXT BOOK OF  
    (OXFORD TEXT BOOK OF  
           PUBLIC HEALTH)                     
           PUBLIC HEALTH)
          VON KIPPLING ‘S  SIX  HONEST 
          VON KIPPLING ‘S  SIX  HONEST 
                         SERVING MEN 
                                                     
                         SERVING MEN
                            • PHILOSOPHICAL APPROACH
                             PHILOSOPHICAL APPROACH
                               THERE IS  NO SITUATION IN LIVES OF THE PEOPLE WHERE 
                               THERE IS  NO SITUATION IN LIVES OF THE PEOPLE WHERE 
                             ONE CANNOT OBTAIN INFORMATION  EMPLOYING THESE  SIX 
     • WHY  ?                ONE CANNOT OBTAIN INFORMATION  EMPLOYING THESE  SIX 
        WHY  ?               HONEST MEN WISELY. 
                             HONEST MEN WISELY. 
                               THIS IS GENERALIZED UNIVERSAL PHILOSOPHICAL  LIFE 
                               THIS IS GENERALIZED UNIVERSAL PHILOSOPHICAL  LIFE 
                             APPROACH UTILIZED IN EPIDEMIOLOGY.
                             APPROACH UTILIZED IN EPIDEMIOLOGY.
     • WHAT ?
        WHAT ?
     • WHOM ?
        WHOM ?
     • WHEN ?
        WHEN ?
     • WHERE ?
        WHERE ?
     • HOW ?
        HOW ?
                                        
      EPIDEMIOLOGICAL  APPROACH
      EPIDEMIOLOGICAL  APPROACH
   IS  ALSO TYPICALLY PHILOSOPHICAL
   IS  ALSO TYPICALLY PHILOSOPHICAL
    THE ONLY WAY TO ASK SOME QUESTIONS 
    THE ONLY WAY TO ASK SOME QUESTIONS 
         ONE WAY OF ASKING OTHERS
           ONE WAY OF ASKING OTHERS
         NO WAY AT ALL TO ASK MANY
           NO WAY AT ALL TO ASK MANY
                                               (MORRIS)