MATERIALS AND FINISHES: BUILDING MATERIALS – TYPES, 
                  ADVANTAGES, DISADVANTAGES 
        
        
                 
                      TERM                                  DEFINITION                               RELATED 
                                                                                                       TERM 
                Aggregate              Inert or chemically inactive materials that develop  a               
                                       bonding with cement to form concrete                                - 
                Argillaceous           Contain argil or clay as the major constituent. They are             
                rocks                  hard and durable. Eg: slates and laterite.                          - 
                Asbestos               A flexible, non porous and naturally occurring fibrous               
                                       mineral, composed of silicates of calcium and                        
                                       magnesium with small amounts of iron oxide and                      - 
                                       alumina, mainly  used in  roofing, and pipes. 
                Asphalt                A water proofing material that consists of inert mineral             
                                       matters such as lime and silica                                     - 
                Bricks                 Rectangular blocks of uniform size made by moulding,                 
                                       drying and burning of clay                                          - 
                Building               A relatively permanent structure over a plot of land,                
                                       usually enclosed by a roof, along with doors and                     
                                       windows in one or more levels, which forms an                       - 
                                       essential component in any life space planning 
                Building material      Material which contributes to the construction of a                  
                                       structure                                                           - 
                Cement                 A fine powder which sets and hardens when mixed                      
                                       with water; it is obtained by burning a mixture of lime              
                                       stone and clay at high temperatures                                 - 
                Cement concrete        A mixture of cement, sand, crushed rock, pebbles and                 
                                       water in suitable proportions                                       - 
                Compreg timber         Similar to impreg timber but curing is done at high                  
                                       temperature and pressure.                                           - 
                Fly ash bricks         Made of fly ash which is the waste by product of                     
                                       thermal plants                                                      - 
                Gypsum                 A hydrated sulphate of calcium with other elements                  - 
                                       like silica, carbonate of lime, magnesia and iron oxide. 
                                       The plaster of paris, is a product of gypsum powder. 
                Igneous rocks          Formed by the cooling and solidifying of magma. Eg:                 - 
                                       granite, quartz, basalt 
                Impreg timber          Fully or partially covered with resin like phenyl                   - 
                                       formaldehyde. 
                Mortar                 A paste obtained from mixing a binding material like                - 
                                       lime or cement and a fine aggregate like sand with 
                                       some amount of water. 
                Plywood                Thin layers of veneer timber joined together                        - 
                Porcelain              Fine earthenware that is white thin, semi transparent,          ceramic 
                                       hard, brittle and porous, obtained from a mixture of 
                                       clay, feldspar, quartz and minerals. 
                Refractory             Ceramics that can stand high temperatures.                          - 
                products 
                Sand                   A natural resource that contains small grains of silica.            - 
                 
                Sedimentary            Formed by the weathering action of natural agents like              - 
                rocks                  wind, frost, rain and flowing water on the pre-existing 
                                       rocks. Eg: gravel, sandstone, limestone. 
                
               Siliceous rocks       Composed primarily of silica and are highly durable             - 
                                     and strong.. Eg:  quartzite and granites. 
               Steel                 The intermediate metal between cast iron and wrought            - 
                                     iron, with 0.25 - 1.50 percent of carbon. 
               Terracotta            A soft, porous material made from clay with glazes        Baked earth 
                                     containing galena. 
                
                                           BIBLIOGRAPHY/ REFERENCES 
               Books: 
           1.  Building Construction. (2008) ,Dr. B.C.Punmia,  Ashok kumar Jain,  Arunkumar Jain. Laxmi  
               Publications.  
                                                               th
           2.  Building Construction. (2012) S.C. Rangwala (30  edition). Charotar Publishing House  
               Pvt. Ltd. Gujarat. India. 
           3.  Building Construction. (2012)  S.S.Bhavikatti. Vikas Publishing House Pvt. Ltd. 
           4.  Building Construction. (2013). P.C.Varghese. PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd. Delhi. 
           5.  Building Materials. (2012)  S.S.Bhavikatti. Vikas Publishing House Pvt. Ltd.  
                                                                                   th
           6.  Engineering Materials- (Material Science). (2012).S.C. Rangwala (39  edition).Charotar 
               Publishing House Pvt. Ltd. Gujarat.India. 
           7.  Housing: An Indian Perspective. P.K.Guha . ( New Central Book agency Pvt. Ltd. Calcutta.)