SteelWise
                                                            AISCDesignGuides
                                                                                            Making Life a Little Easier
                                                                                                                         By Sergio Zoruba, Ph.D.
                              For many structural steel design challenges, AISC has a design guide to help you through.
                    he AISC Steel Solutions Center       washers, and excellent recommendations        ceilings, partitions, and equipment. The
                    answers thousands of technical       from the experts.                             guide also presents the latest revision to
                    questions every year concern-           Asecond edition of Design Guide 1 is       existing vibration information due to
                    ing structural steel design and      scheduled to be published later in 2005. It   human activity and machines as it relates
          Tconstruction. For the most part,              will address the new OSHA erection            to modal damping (a good supplement
          the questions are based on AISC Specifica-     requirements that distinguish between         to Design Guide 11: Floor Vibrations Due to
          tion provisions or design recommenda-          posts and columns, as well as discuss base    Human Activity). The guide contains
          tions found in the AISC Manual. But then,      plate details pertaining to analysis          information on cambering beams and
          there are a variety of questions with          assumptions of pin and fixed column           how deflection issues relate to the con-
          answers that can’t be found in those two       anchorage, anchor rod pretension, contract    struction of concrete slabs. Roof ponding
          important publications.                        documents, double-nutted anchorage con-       cladding-structure interaction and mem-
              Fortunately, AISC’s Design Guide pub-      figurations without grout and their design,   brane and metal roofs are also addressed.
          lications offer an abundance of design         regular and shear holes, fatigue, high-seis-  Design Guide 4:
          information on topics too broad for the        mic design, applicable limit states, and      Extended End-Plate Moment
          Specification or Manual. Common design         base plate design examples.                   Connections, 2nd Edition
          questions, such as how to account for          Design Guide 2:                                   This second edition now addresses
          shear in column anchorages, or when to         Steel and Composite Beams with Web            seismic and wind applications. It
          use slip-critical bolted joints, are           Openings                                      includes design procedures and exam-
          addressed in AISC design guides.                  Design Guide 2 offers thorough guid-       ples for the four-bolt extended stiffened
              AISC design guides provide compre-         ance for the design of beams with circular    and unstiffened, as well as the eight-bolt
          hensive guidance on specialized technical      or rectangular openings in their webs.        extended stiffened, end-plate moment
          topics relevant to structural steel design,    Included in the design guide are LRFD         connections. Users will find that the
          and they are authored by recognized indus-     and ASD design procedures for the             guide contains a clarified design
          try experts. They can be ordered through       effects of holes subjected to moment          approach to seismic end-plate connection
          the AISC web site at www.aisc.org/book-        and/or shear. Most importantly, the           design compared to the recommenda-
          store, or by calling 800.644.2400. All AISC    guide covers design cases for both com-       tions found in FEMA 350. The basis for
          members have free access to AISC’s             posite and non-composite steel beams,         each design recommendation is outlined
          ePubs web site, www.aisc.org/epubs,            and includes a step-by-step procedure for     in detail and presented as a step-by-step
          where they can instantly download elec-        checking, proportioning, and detailing        procedure. Connection limit states are
          tronic copies of AISC design guides any        beam web openings and reinforcement.          discussed in the guide to help designers
          time, anywhere. Abrief summary of each                                                       understand the principles behind the
          design guide follows.                          Design Guide 3:                               behavior of extended end-plate moment
          Design Guide 1:                                Serviceability Design Considerations          connections. 
          Column Base Plates                             for Steel Buildings, 2nd Edition
              The AISC LRFD Manual of Steel Con-            Did you know that the recommended          Design Guide 5:
          struction addresses the most common            maximum vertical deflection for an            Low- and Medium-Rise Steel Buildings
          case for column anchorage design—axial         underhung crane runway beam is L/450?             Agreat primer for designers involved in
          compression. What to do if you also need       Recommended maximum serviceability            multi-story designs, Design Guide 5
          to design for uplift, overturning moment,      values and considerations for a wide          addresses many of the most common ques-
          or shear? That’s where Design Guide 1          range of building applications are dis-       tions regarding the design of buildings. The
          comes to the rescue. The guide discusses       cussed in detail in Design Guide 3. This      guide includes design rules for economy,
          proper methods for column base shear           guide contains several tables with recom-     live load and bay size selection, composite
          resistance, suggestions for sizing plate       mended maximum serviceability values          floors, open web joist floors, wind load
                                                         for roofing, skylight supports, cladding,     design, and other associated design topics.
                                                                                                    February 2005 • Modern Steel Construction 
           It also discusses floor load capacity            cepts of torsion in open and closed cross-        moment connections, including retrofit
           enhancement, shored vs. unshored con-            sections, this design guide facilitates calcu-    solutions with a welded haunch, bolted
           struction, and underfloor duct systems.          lations of torsional stresses and establishes a   bracket, or reduced beam section (RBS).
           Design Guide 6:                                  basis for design. For open-sections such as       Based on experimental results, recommen-
           Load and Resistance Factor Design of             W-shapes, the normal and shear stresses           dations for modification of pre-North-
           W-Shapes Encased in Concrete                     due to both pure and warping torsion can          ridge moment connections are presented
              Design Guide 6 contains more than 300         be calculated using the guide. In addition,       and discussed in detail. In addition, the
           pages of LRFD composite beam-column              channel and Z-shaped open cross-sections          guide discusses practical considerations
           design strength values. In addition, a           are addressed, as well as closed cross-sec-       for remedial work, such as removal and
           thorough discussion of the use and               tions such as rectangular and round HSS           restoration of building finishes.
           design of composite columns is pre-              and steel pipe. Several examples and design       Design Guide 13:
           sented, covering practical design consid-        curves are included in the guide.                 Stiffening of Wide-Flange Columns at
           erations, fire resistance, longitudinal rein-    Design Guide 10:                                  Moment Connections: Wind and
           forcing bar arrangement, ties,                   Erection Bracing of Low-Rise                      Seismic Applications
           longitudinal reinforcing bar splices, con-       Structural Steel Buildings                           Do you need guidance in designing
           nection of steel beams to encased wide-              Design Guide 10 addresses both per-           column stiffening for strong- and weak-
           flange columns, shear connectors, base           manent and temporary erection bracing,            axis moment connections? Design Guide
           plates, erection, and temporary wind             including an important chapter on con-            13 contains this information and much
           bracing during composite frame con-              struction phase loads. Topics addressed           more. The guide offers multiple exam-
           struction.                                       include column and column base (with              ples for the proper design of transverse
           Design Guide 7:                                  extensive discussions of potential failure        stiffeners, web doubler plates and diago-
           Industrial Buildings, Roofs to Column            modes, including fracture of fillet welds         nal stiffeners. Detailed discussions are
           Anchorage                                        between the two, bending failure of base          included on topics such as unreinforced
              Design Guide 7 addresses all facets of        plates, anchor rod rupture, buckling,             columns, stiffness considerations, force
           industrial building design and includes a        pull, push-through, and push-out), dis-           transfer and the economical selection of
           comprehensive section on crane runway            cussions of tie members, beam to column           columns. Also covered are detailing rec-
           design. Part I covers owner-established          connections, and diaphragms. In addi-             ommendations for special cases, such as
           design criteria, roof systems, roof trusses,     tion, wire rope diagonal bracing and con-         column stiffening for beams of differing
           wall systems, framing schemes, bracing           nections are covered, as well as design of        depth and beam framing over columns.
           systems, column anchorage, and service-          deadmen.                                          The appendix includes design recom-
           ability criteria. Part II concentrates on the    Design Guide 11:                                  mendations for weak-axis moment con-
           complete design of industrial buildings          Floor Vibrations Due to Human Activity            nections, including research findings.
           with cranes and addresses fatigue, roof,             Did you know that people in offices           Design Guide 14:
           wall, framing and bracing systems, crane         and residences do not like distinctly per-        Staggered Truss Framing Systems
           runway girder design, crane runway fab-          ceptible vibration, whereas people taking            Originally developed in the 1960s,
           rication/erection tolerances, and column         part in an activity will accept vibrations        staggered truss framing continues to be a
           design. Stepped column design is also            approximately 10 times greater? Design            competitive framing configuration for
           discussed. A second edition of Design            Guide 11 has an entire chapter devoted to         mid-rise structures. Topics addressed in
           Guide 7 will be published later in 2005.         human response to floor motion, and               Design Guide 14 include diaphragm
           Design Guide 8:                                  addresses both walking and rhythmic               action using hollow-core precast plank
           Partially Restrained Composite                   excitations. There is also a chapter that         floor slabs and the design of truss mem-
           Connections                                      addresses design for the effects of vibra-        bers and connections in wind and low-
              Based on extensive research domesti-          tion on sensitive equipment. Special con-         seismic applications (R  = 3). Special 
           cally and abroad, Design Guide 8 intro-          sideration for determining the natural            topics such as mechanical design consid-
           duces design criteria for designing with         frequency of open-web steel joists and            erations, plank leveling, erection, coordi-
           PR-CC connections. This approach                 joist girders is included. Several design         nation with subcontractors, foundation
           affords the designer the ability to econo-       examples are given, including interior            overturning and sliding, and balcony
           mize beam sizes for gravity loading or to        office bays, footbridges, and mezzanines.         design are also covered.
           resist lateral loads in unbraced frames.         Remedial measures are discussed in                Design Guide 15:
           The guide contains several sections,             detail.                                           AISC Rehabilitation and Retrofit Guide
           including an introduction to PR-CC con-          Design Guide 12:                                     If you periodically work in retrofitting
           nections, covers analysis, moment-rota-          Modification of Existing Welded Steel             old structural steel buildings, then you
           tion curves, design procedures, and              Moment Frames Connections for                     definitely need Design Guide 15 and its
           examples. As a bonus, the appendix con-          Seismic Design                                    included CD companion, the Shapes Data-
           tains a short but detailed discussion of             Where would you look to find infor-           base v3.1H. Design Guide 15 contains over
           story sway calculations.                         mation for upgrading existing seismic             300 pages of historical information,
           Design Guide 9:                                  moment connections? Simple. FEMA                  including dimensional and geometrical
           Torsional Analysis of Structural Steel           351/352 and Design Guide 12. This design          properties of structural steel and
           Members                                          guide discusses strategies and solutions          wrought iron sections. The yield and ten-
              An excellent introduction to the con-         for the upgrade of existing pre-Northridge        sile strengths of structural steels, includ-
                                                                                                          February 2005 • Modern Steel Construction 
          ing ASTM A7 and A9, are tabulated over        Design Guide 19:
          the past 100 years. Allowable stress infor-   Fire Resistance of Structural Steel
          mation for bolts, rivets, and welds over      Framing
          the past several decades are tabulated            Have you ever been confused by fire
          There are chapters dedicated to the eval-     protection requirements and systems?
          uation and enhancement of existing            This new design guide covers all facets of
          structural systems and an appendix that       structural steel fire resistance, including
          outlines historical changes to the AISC       building code requirements, thermal
          specifications since their inception.         restraint, rated designs, the standard fire
          Design Guide 16:                              test and fire protection materials. There is
          Flush and Extended Multiple-Row               ample fire design information for steel
          Moment End-Plate Connections                  columns and associated fire protection
             This design guide covers two- and          systems and enclosures. In addition, steel
          four-bolted flush unstiffened, and four-      roof and floor systems, including steel
          bolt stiffened moment end-plate connec-       trusses, are discussed and examples
          tions.  This design guide includes design     given for determining the required thick-
                                                   1    ness of protection coatings. There is also a
          examples for multiple row ½ and /3            chapter on spray-applied fire resistive
          extended unstiffened moment end-plate         material testing and inspection, as well as
                                     1
          connections, as well as the /3 stiffened ver- one on engineered fire protection. ★
          sion. For pre-engineered metal buildings,
          there is a chapter dedicated to gable-frame       Sergio Zoruba is a senior engineer in
          panel-zone design. In addition, design        AISC’s Steel Solutions Center in Chicago.
          procedures for using snug-tightened and
          pretensioned bolts are addressed.
          Design Guide 17:
          High Strength Bolts – A Primer for
          Structural Engineers
             Amust-have design guide on struc-
          tural bolting, this primer assists engi-
          neers in understanding the basis of the
          requirements in the RCSC Specification for
          Structural Joints Using ASTM A325 or
          A490 Bolts. The guide also includes a
          chapter dedicated to the static strength of
          rivets, which can be invaluable for retro-
          fit work. The guide addresses bolt instal-
          lation, inspection, behavior, and design.
          In addition, specialized topics are cov-
          ered, including the proper use of wash-
          ers, galvanized bolts, reuse of high-
          strength bolts, joints with combined bolts
          and weld, and surface coatings.
          Design Guide 18:
          Steel-Framed Open-Deck Parking
          Structures
             Design Guide 18 addresses the design
          of steel parking structures using five
          unique types of deck systems: cast-in-
          place reinforced concrete, cast-in-place
          post-tensioned slabs, precast double tees,
          filigree systems, and hollow-core plank.
          Deck system design parameters and
          framing systems are discussed in detail,
          including design examples in LRFD and
          ASD. In addition, there are several chap-
          ters that examine mixed-use structures,
          fire protection requirements, barriers and
          facades, stairs and elevators, and corro-
          sion protection for exposed steel in open-
          deck parking structures.
                                                                                                   February 2005 • Modern Steel Construction