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MATEC Web of Conferences 149, 02089 (2018) https://doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201814902089
CMSS-2017
Study of indoor performances of a building using Rammed earth
1 1 2 1 2
Wiçal CHEIKHI ; Khadija BABA ; Sidi Mohamed LAMRANI ; Abderrahmane NONAH ; Mohamed KHALAOI ;
Lahen BAHI
1 CE Laboraor Hih Shool o ehnolo –Sale
Mohammed nieri in Raba Moroo
2
ASIMI Laboraor Hih Shool o ehnolo –Sale
Mohammed nieri in Raba Moroo
IE Laboraor Mohammedia Shool o Enineerin Mohammed nieri in Raba Moroo
Abstract. Noada man amion hold ha rernin o rammed earh onrion old be a olion
o he ener hallene o he ime hee amion are baed on he abili o he maerial o mainain a
omorable indoor emerare reardle o he odoor limai ariaion Hoeer i inlene on he
ener erormane o bildin remain lile elored o ar hi aer ome in hi order o idea I i
deoed o d and ealae he ener eiien o rammed earh bildin omared o hoe in onree
rre and maonr eneloe I ae a ae d o bildin one i radiional enirel bil ih he
ehnie o rammed earh; he oher i onred o onree In order o omare beeen heir
erormane e hae erormed a imlaion o he hermal behaior o eah b he d nami hermal
imlaion oare ein Bilder
1 Introduction all he rel hoed ha he inlaed hoe old
be deree armer han he ninlaed one and old
Sine he beinnin o i e in he onrion oeniall e le ener or heain
indr he rammed earh ala roed i reliabili a he renoaion o oial aommodaion hih ie
mh a loal eoloial maerial imlemenin an oaion inerein or he redion o he oer
eellen hermal roerie Indeed haeer he onmion and he inreae o he omor o he
limai one o heir eablihmen rammed earh inhabian a died b aliano al he
onrion are able o e rehne in mmer and imroemen o he hermal inlaion o he bildin
eidi in iner hi roer mae i oible o eneloe and he e o reneable ener ’ ore a
rede he reore o he em o air
ondiionin and oered ha droe o an eonom o ener and o an
heain leadin o an abie onmion o ener inreae o omor rom hi ar
In a orld one enered on ainable aher al led a d nami hermal imlaion
deelomen and ener eiien orin o rede aimin a he alaion o he hermal ali o he
he ener onmion o he bildin beome a major rammed earh ed a an eernal laddin o a lo
o
reiremen Indeed on he naional ale onrion hoe in Banladeh he rel o imlaion hoed
indr ormed in majori o modern bildin i ha ne imroemen onernin hermal omor and
oda reonible or o he oal ener inae and oer onmion old rel rom he ae o he
1 o he elerii onmion 1 Alarmin rammed earh alied a eernal laddin olloin he
ire hih inie all he eaer in he eor o he ame loi he reen aer oni o eablihin a
bildin o e eeie and aeible olion in omaraie d beeen he hermal erormane o
order o imroe he hermal erormane o he rammed earh bildin and hoe in onree; ih an
eneloe rearded a he rimar ore o he ener objeie o ho he inere o he e o he rammed
loe In hi direion eeral reearh a ere earh ha old be onidered a ener
erormane
nderaen ein aable olion o imroe imroemen in he onemorar bildin Comarion
ener ali o he eneloe Soebaro al 2 arried i led on a bildin in rammed earh and a eond
o a d abo he indoor erormane o rammed ariable o he ame bildin onred in onree
earh hoe he d omared beeen he he died bildin i a reidenial e onred in
erormane o o eiin hoe in Willna Soh o leel he objeie o hi job i o ho he
Aralia he one e rammed earh a he ole all inlene o he maerial’ eneloe ed o imroe he
maerial and he eond e inlaed rammed earh hermal omor o he bildin and a a rel he
© The Authors, published by EDP Sciences. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution
License 4.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
MATEC Web of Conferences 149, 02089 (2018) https://doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201814902089
CMSS-2017
CMSS-2017
lightering of heating and air-conditioning costs. possibility to enoy the passi
e solar contributions in the
Simulation registers as part of Moroccan thermal li
ing room and to create a buffer one laundry
regulation and is insured by both software BLOCK protecting the building from thermal losses to the north.
LOA and S BL . he organiation of the building around the patio gi
es
the possibility to impro
e the natural lighting and thus
reduce the use of artificial lighting de
ices. rom an air
circulation point of
iew the building benefit from two
natural
entilation modes horiontal
entilation through
the different windows another
ertical being made
through the opening of the building on the atio. he
latter allows the air circulation by chimney effect.
ffecti
e
entilation de
ice in arid regions nown for its
ability to minimie o
erheating in summer.
3 Walls composition study
3.1 Initial Option (Rammed earth)
he original building is entirely built with the traditional
techniue of ammed earth. All the
ertical walls façade
Fig. 1.
iew of the studied building walls and partitions are composed of a miture of
clay for straw. he roof is made up of wooden beams
oists and a reed grid. he outer walls ha
e a thicness of
2 Case study description m which is considered to be the minimum thicness
for earth constructions. he thermophysical
he studied building is a proect under construction characteristics of the building walls ha
e pre
iously been
located in the peripheral one of Marraech city the subect of an eperimental study. t was based on the
Morocco climatic one at about fifteen ilometers of steady state asymmetric hot plate method to determine
the city center of this one. he building is a residential the thermal conducti
ity λ the asymmetrical transient
type family house fi
e persons and composed of a ot late method to measure the effusi
ity e and the
ground floor and a first floor see figure. he ground flash method ¡ to determine the diffusi
ity a of the
floor spreads out on an area of Sm and articulates miture used in the construction of our building. he
around a patio which distributes the itchen on the one eperimental
alues found and used in our study are
side the li
ing area on the other one. he first floor has a summaried in the table.
surface of Sm composed mainly of the master Table 1. hermophysical characteristics of the used
bedroom which opens on a patio and is pro
ided with a ammed earth
balcony igure.
Fig. 2. Orientation and building layout Thermal conductivity 0
λ (W.m-1.-1
Thermal di uivity
a.10-7 (m2.-1
Thermal e uivity ¡
a (. 12.m-2.-1
Seci ic heat ¡
C (.g-1.-1
enity ρ (gm
3.1 Comparison Option (Masonry)
n order to compare the thermal performance of rammed
earth building with masonry buildings we ha
e created a
second
ariant of the studied building it is a reinforced
concrete structure and a masonry en
elope. t
corresponds to the model of construction in masonry
he building has an interesting orientation the li
ing usually used in the Moroccan contet. he composition
rooms bedrooms and li
ing room are facing the south of this
ariant’s walls is summaried in the table below.
while the laundry room is located in the opposite
direction north igure . his arrangement gi
es the
2
MATEC Web of Conferences 149, 02089 (2018) https://doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201814902089
CMSS-2017
CMSS-2017
earth version hile the coolin eipment EE is eal
for both variables n the liht of this observation, it is
Table 2. Envelope composition of the Masonry option a
possible to are that ramme earth bilins allow
better conservation of heat compare to those in masonry
Envelope External walls Roof slab rond
and slab
Intermediate 4.2. Dynamic thermal simulation
slab
idt 0,30 0,25 0,40 ynamic thermal simlation simlates the
m behavior of the bilin hor by hor o o this, the
Lime nterior floor tiles simlation is carrie ot sin the esin iler
Plaster/cement plaster inishin software which ses the ynamic simlation enine
Str tre Hollow bloc lab scree EneryPls to moel the thermal performances of the
rom holes aterproof cree to bilin his taes into accont the followin
external ir chamber bitmen fall parameters
to Hollow bloc cree to oncrete
internal 2 holes fall slab Location of the bilin, local weather
Lime inishin Polyane he orientation of the bilin, the istribtion of parts
Plaster/cement scree Layer an lain
loor tiles an
ravel he materials strctre of the bilin, its thermal
layer inertia, its thermal bries, its solar protection, etc
ale , 2,04 ,0
2
m . Heatin, air conitionin, H proction, ventilation,
lihtin
he occpation of the parts an the behavior of the
o calclate the vale, we too accont of the eternal sers
an internal srface resistances, se an si
elation of heatin an possibly other eipment
4 Energy simulation of the Buildings or each of the two stie variables, or bilin was
sbivie into several thermal ones accorin to the
4.1. Building Thermal summary scope of each, their location an whether they are
covere or not in the case of the patio an the balcony
he thermal smmary of the bilin is mae sin the i areas reslte from the ron floor an or 4
software pacae loc Loa his calclates from the first he wall compositions se for each
smmer/winter loas for bilins Heatin an coolin variable are smmarie in able for the ramme earth
reirements can be calclate also his pacae ses constrction variant an in able 2 for the masonry
the response factor metho to calclate the loas his variant he heatin setpoint temperatre was set at 20 °
metho is approve by HE as a sitable metho for an the coolin temperatre was set at 2 ° e then
the calclation of horly loas or or sty, the efine the nmber of sers of the bilin five people
obective behin the installation of the thermal balance is an an annal schele for the occpancy an se of
to antify the enery consmption of the two variants to heatin an airconitionin eipment
be compare ramme earth variant an masonry
variant he reslts are shown in the attache tables e then proceee to efine the otpts of the
simlation hese incle the internal temperatre of
Table
. haracteristics of air conitionin eipment for both each stie space, raiant temperatres, thermal losses,
variants heatin an coolin reirements an the total enery
consmption of the bilin
ption Masonr Rammed eart
eatin apa it 5 Results of the simulation
w 32,2 2,3
Coolin Capa it o compare the enery reirements in h / m2 / year
w 3,2 0, of the heatin an coolin of ramme earth bilins an
Eipement concrete ones, we proceee to simlate the enery
Cara teristi s EE3,05 EE3,05 reirements for the followin two cases
P4,0 P4,0
alls of 30cm in oble wall of masonry
t is important to note that the coefficient of performance
P of the eipment reire to heat the masonry alls of 40cm bilt in ramme earth
variant of the bilin is slihtly hiher than the ramme
3
MATEC Web of Conferences 149, 02089 (2018) https://doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201814902089
CMSS-2017
CMSS-2017
The results of the dynamic energy simulation carried out - decrease in heating reuirements is noted for the
on the Design Builder software show the following: building constructed in rammed earth Table shows a
reduction in heating reuirements which is as high as
- Improved operating and radiant temperatures compared to the masonry variant
minimizing the "cold wall" sensation due to the
temperature difference between the air and the wall - increase in air conditioning needs is noted in
surface (table the rammed building (Table compared to the masonry
variant The air conditioning loads are increased because
Table 4. Temperatures in both options their walls with high thermal inertia characterize the
rammed constructions This inertia lead the heat coming
from the diurnal solar radiation to be absorbed stored and
then trapped inside the walls Its evacuation will reuire
Option Masonry Rammed earth more time and will induce the use of air conditioning to
compensate the sensation of thermal discomfort caused
by this trend
Air temperature °C
Table . nnual eating and ooling demand
Radiant temperature Option eatin Coolin
°C demand demand
hm2
hm2
Operatie
Rammed earth
temperature °C
Masonry
- significant reduction in thermal losses through walls
the top and bottom floors are recorded in the rammed
earth construction variable compared with the masonry
(igures and and table
i. . eat losses in the rammed earth option 6 Conclusion
Dynamic thermal simulation of the two variants (rammed
earth and masonry of the studied building allowed us to
obtain temperature graphs a uantification of the heating
and cooling needs a thermal loss reading ll these
results to compare the thermal performance of rammed
i. 4 eat losses in the masonry option earth and masonry constructions and to identify the
strengths and weanesses of each The conclusions drawn
from the study are as follows:
- ammed earth is an ecological renewable and
energy-saving building material It fits perfectly into the
energy efficiency approach
Table eat losses in both options
- The use of rammed earth in construction maes it
possible to reduce certain trends observed in masonry
eat loss ( asonry ammed earth construction e enumerate as an eample the
phenomenon of cold walls
alls - The rammed earth is a material with high thermal
inertia evertheless this feature should be considered
with caution: If it reduces heating reuirements
oofs considerably in the winter it causes an increase in the air
conditioning load in summer Indeed the walls with high
thermal inertia absorb the heat of the solar radiation store
it and restore it in phase shift (in offset with the
absorption time This maes it possible in winter to
4
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