TRANSLATION METHODS APPLIED ON UNUD WEBSITE 
                                     Ni Ketut Sri Rahayuni,  Ni Luh Ketut Mas Indrawati 
                                    ketutsrirahayuni@gmail.com, mas.indrawati@yahoo.com 
                                                               
                                                               
                                   English Department, Faculty of Letters and Culture  
                                                    Udayana University  
                
               Several researches have been done in terms of translation methods. The purpose of this study 
               was to show methods used by translator in translating the text about history of Faculty of Letter 
               and Culture in Udayana University website. Udayana University is a state university in Province 
               of Bali. To deliver the information to public or community, this university established its website 
               with address unud.ac.id  This website contains complete information including its faculties. One 
               of the faculties in Udayana University is Faculty of Letter and Culture. In this website, people 
               can also read the history of Faculty of Letter and Culture. The text of this faculty’s history 
               becomes the data of this study.  
               Translation  method  is  the  basic  principle  of  our  way  in  translating  the  text,  and  leads  the 
               translators to the type of translations. Selection of the method will guide them to produce the 
               type  of  translation.  The  purpose  of  the  application  of  the  method  is  making  the  translation 
               process more efficiently and effectively. In practice, the translators choose one method that is 
               appropriate for whom and for what purpose the translation is done. 
               There are 8 translation methods proposed by Newmark ( Newmark 1988: 45-48 ) . 
               In general, those 8 methods can be divided into 2 groups based on the emphasis of the text: 
                     4 methods emphasize on the source language (SL) 
                     4 methods emphasize on the target language (TL) 
               A.     Methods Emphasize on the Source Language (SL) 
                   1.  Word -for- word translation   
        This method is applied by translating word for word and sentence structure as it is in the SL. 
       Generally, this method is used at the early stage of translating. This is usually done in a very 
       difficult text translation between two languages. This method can also be done for systems and 
       structures  that  are  very  far  apart  .This  word-for-word  translation  makes  SL  word  order  is 
       preserved and the words translated singly by their most common meanings, out of context.  
        
       Data 1. 
       ‘Setelah  rampungnya  segala  persiapan  maka  ditetapkanlah  hari  pembukaannya,  yaitu  pada 
       tanggal  29  September  1958.  Nama  yang  diberikan  adalah  Fakultas  Sastra  Udayana.  Namun 
       rencana nama semula adalah Udayana Fakultas Sastra dan Budaya. Kata Budaya kemudian 
       dihilangkan atas anjuran Prof. Dr. Prijono, karena dengan kata Sastra saja sudah terkandung arti 
       Budaya. Jadi, istilah sastra mengandung arti yang sangat luas.’ 
        ‘After the completion of the preparations then set its opening day, ie on September 29, 1958. 
       The name given is the Faculty of Letters Udayana. However, the original name of the plan is 
       Udayana Faculty of Letters and Culture. Said Cultures were then removed at the instigation of 
       Prof. Dr. Prijono, because the word Literature alone is contained the meaning of culture. Thus, 
       the term literature contains a very broad sense.’ 
        
       In this data, the translator translates it in very early stage of translation. The word kata in bahasa 
       Indonesia is translated said instead of word. When we see from the context of sentences, this text 
       wants to explain about the meaning of word culture in general, both in spoken and in written. 
       When the translator wants to explain it specifically about culture spoken by someone, he/she can 
       consider it as said culture. But in this text, the purpose of the text is to explain the word culture in 
       general. For this reason, the word culture is more appropriate than said culture. 
        
       Data 2. 
       ‘Dengan terpampangnya hiasan yang bertemakan pemutaran mandara giri pada hiasan gelung 
       kuri di bangian depan bangunan lobi, dengan tegaknya patung Dewi Saraswati di ruang lobi 
       tersebut, dan dengan terpasang secara anggun dua buah prasasti pendirian fakultas tercinta ini 
       diharapkan semua ini dapat menjadi sumber inspirasi yang semakin mantap menuju keberhasilan 
       yang semakin gemilang, yaitu keberhasilan karena ada kemauan yang kuat untuk memahami 
       kesinambungan masa lampau dengan masa sekarang menuju masa depan yang makin cerah.’ 
        
       ‘With themed decoration terpampangnya Mandara Giri playback on kuri bight decoration in 
       front of a multi-story building lobby, with the establishment of the statue of Goddess Saraswati 
       in the lobby area, and with a graceful attached two inscriptions establishment of the faculty is 
       expected all of this can be a more stable source of inspiration towards increasingly resounding 
       success, that success because there is a strong willingness to understand the continuity of the past 
       with the present to the future is brighter.’ 
        
       From this data, the translator translates the text in word-for-word method. The words in Bahasa 
       Indonesia are fully translated word per word, and even the structure of the sentence in English is 
       translated as it is in Bahasa Indonesia. The data shows that menuju masa depan yang makin 
       cerah is translated into to the future is brighter. This text can actually be translated into to the 
       brighter future. The translator can actually translate it into noun phrase form, but she/he keeps 
       the structure as it is in the source language. This makes the type of translation is still an early 
       stage or type of translation. By adjusting the structure of text into structure of target language 
       (English) and make it a noun phrase, the result of the translation will be more acceptable and can 
       be understood easily by the readers. 
        2.  Literal translation  
       In  this  method,  the  translator  has  changed  the  structure  of  SL  into  the  structure  of  the  TL. 
       However, the words and style of language in the source text (ST) is retained in the target text 
       (TT) . 
       Usually  this  method  is  also  used  in  the  early  stages  of  translation.  This  method  of  Literal 
       translation  makes  the  SL  grammatical  constructions  are  converted  to  their  nearest  TL 
       equivalents, but the lexical words are again translated singly, out of context.  
       Data 3. 
       ‘Berdiri atas prakarsa Yayasan Fakultas-Fakultas Nusa Tenggara, yang diketahui oleh Letkol 
       Minggoe dan Wakil Ketua I, Gubernur Sunda Kecil, Teuku Mochamad Daoedsjah.’ 
       ‘Standing on the initiative of the Faculty of Literature Foundation of Faculties Nusa Tenggara, 
       which is known by Lt. Col. Minggoe and Vice Chairman of I, Governor of the Lesser Sunda, 
       Teuku Mochamad Daoedsjah.’ 
        
       This  data  shows  that  the  grammatical  constructions  are  converted  to  their  nearest  English 
       equivalents, but the lexical words are translated singly, out of context. This can be analyzed from 
       the  words  Berdiri  atas  prakarsa…  translated  into  Standing  on  the  initiative…The  translator 
       already change the structure of the translation into the English structure. The word prakarsa in 
       Bahasa Indonesia are translated into the initiative. This means the noun in source language are 
       translated into noun phrase in target language. The additional the makes the English structure is 
       better or even complete to be shown in the website. 
        
        3.  Faithful translation  
       The translation is done by maintaining as far as possible aspect format ( in the text of the law) or 
       aspects of form ( in the text of the poem ) so we are still in full fidelity to look at in terms of its 
       shape . This type of translation method has an attempt to produce the precise contextual meaning 
       of the original within the constraints of the TL grammatical structures. This method is more free 
       than a literal translation, but it still feels stiff because they are very faithful to the intent and 
       purpose of source language. 
       Related to that basic theory of faithful translation method, we cannot find any data that uses this 
       type of method. When the format in law text or form of poem is still used in this type of method, 
       we cannot find any format or form of this shown in UNUD website. The format of the text is just 
       the format of common writing with no specific opening, content, and closing format as it is 
       shown in law text. 
        
        4.  Semantic translation