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WORK MEASUREMENT,SAMPLING, STUDY, METHOD STUDY,
TIME STUDY, MOTION STUDY
WORK MEASUREMENT
Work measurement is the application of techniques designed to establish the time for a qualified worker to
carry out a specific job at a defined level of performance.
APPLICATIONS
Work measurement is widely used in factories where work or at least some part of the work is repetitive.
There are three main criteria for jobs to be measurable. They are –
a) The work should be identifiable in terms of the no. of units a worker performed.
b) The work should be performed in a reasonably consistent manner.
c) There should be considerable volume of work to justify a study and keeping counts and records.
PROCEDURE
The steps involved in work measurement are –
SELECT - Selecting the work to be studied.
RECORD – Recording all the relevant data relating to the circumstances in which the work is being done, the
methods and the elements of activity in them.
EXAMINE – The recorded data and the detailed breakdown critically to ensure that the most effective motion
and method are being used and that unproductive and foreign elements are separated from productive
elements.
MEASURE – The quantity of work involved in each element in terms of time, using the appropriate work
measurement technique.
COMPILE – To compile the standard time for the operation, which in case of stop watch time study will
include time allowances to cover relaxations, personal needs etc.
DEFINE – To define precisely the series of activities and method of operation for which the time has been
compiled and issue the time as standards for the activities and methods specified.
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WORK MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES
Work measurement can be carried out by the following techniques.
1) Work sampling
2) Analytical estimating
3) Predetermined time standards(PTS)
4) Standard rate
5) Stop watch time study
1. Is work measurement required in a monopoly market?
Ans- The total process of work study is meant for improving productivity & quality of the outputs of an
organisation. This is only required in a fully competitive market rather than in a monopoly market where the
customers’ needs & requirements are given little or no importance.
2. What are the outcomes of work measurement?
Ans - Work measurement provides the basis for tying payment with outputs in the form of incentives to
workers. This aids as a motivating factor for the workers to increase outputs.
3. Does output depend on payment of incentives only?
Ans - There are so many methods applied to motivate people for increased output and Incentive is just
one of them. So output cannot be increased by payment of incentives only.
WORK SAMPLING
Work sampling is a method of finding the percentage occurrence of a certain activity by statistical sampling
And random observations.
Work sampling is a work measurement technique in which a large number of instantaneous
observations are made at random intervals over a specified period of time of a group of workers, machines &
process.
PROCEDURE
(A) Preparation for work sampling
1) Statement of the main objective of the study.
2) Obtain the approval of the supervisor of the department in which work sampling is to be
performed.
3) Establish quantitative measure of activity.
4) Selection of training of personnel.
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5) Making a detail plan for taking observations.
(B) Performing work sampling
1) Describing and classifying the elements to be studied in details.
2) Design and observation form.
3) Determine the no. of days or shifts required for the study.
4) Develop properly randomised times of observation.
5) Observing activity and recording data.
6) Summarising the data at the end of each day.
(C) Evaluating and Presenting results of work sampling
1) Evaluate the validity and reliability of data.
2) Presenting and analysing data.
3) Planning for future studies.
ANALYTICAL ESTIMATING
This is a work measurement technique, which is used to give fair approximation of the time required to
carry out some non-repetitive tasks such as maintenance work.
The method is to analyse the job into groups of basic elements and supply element times either from
known time study results or from experience of similar work.
ADVANTAGES
1) It has obvious value in preventive maintenance. Target times can be set for jobs, e.g. routine
overhauls, and comparison of actual and standard times can supply management with useful
information.
2) On production side, the techniques provide standard times in default of synthetic data, for short
Production or for new processes. This helps in the design and layout of plant and gives a common
yardstick for the comparison or performance between plants or sections.
3) Analytical estimating facilitates much better planning and day-to-day control of labour force and
cost control.
4) It provides basis for incentive scheme.
5) When the task has been analysed into elements, these are examined for possible improvements.
6) The most appropriate tools are materials to be carried should be decided and suitable kit boxes
and trolleys designed and developed.
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WORK STUDY
INTRODUCTION
A manager’s job in an enterprise is concerned particularly with the deployment of its resources in order to
achieve its Objectives .Different enterprises may have very different resources and different objectives.
For example, a platoon fighting in a jungle, a hospital for the terminally ill, a village grocery stores or a factory manufacturing
computers; they all have some people engaged, with matching available means, to achieve specific ends.
Work study is of interest to a manager because it is concerned with all the resources with which the manager
Has to deal with; i.e. people, equipments, workplace and material. He achieving systematic
improvement in both effectiveness and efficiency of resource utilization becomes possible.
The two main aspects of work study are –
a) Method study – It is the critical study of ways of doing work.
b) Work measurement – It is the assessment of the time a job should take.
By carrying out investigation along the above line, the engineer will be able to achieve useful results. At the
outset, therefore, of any work study programme, it is vital that all concerned should understand the principles,
techniques and limitations of work study. As with any facet of management, success depends on the
co-operation of the people concerned and positive steps must be taken to obtain the goodwill of those
whose work is to be studied. Secrecy or the appearance of secrecy must be avoided at all costs. The ideal
situation is one where work study is not considered as a separate entity but as an integral part of all activities.
PURPOSE OF WORK STUDY
The objectives of work study are to obtain the optimum use of the human and material resources available to
an organization for the accomplishment of work on which it is engaged. Fundamentally the objectives are –
a) The most effective use of plant & machinery.
b) The most effective use of human efforts.
c) The exact evaluation of human work.
The function of work study is to obtain facts and then to use these facts as basis for improvement.
BENEFITS OF WORK STUDY
1) Management benefits through increased efficiency and therefore increased profits.
2) Worker is assured of a fair return for a fair day’s work. He is protected from unfair demands. The work is
made easier and more productive.
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