A. Properties
                 A. Properties
        ACIDS                    BASES
     electrolytes               electrolytes
     sour taste             bitter taste
     turn litmus red        turn litmus blue
     react with metals      slippery feel
       to form H2 gas
     vinegar, milk, soda,   ammonia, lye, 
       apples, citrus fruits    antacid, baking soda
                                              ChemASAP
              B. Definitions
              B. Definitions
   Arrhenius - In aqueous solution…
      •                                +
       Acids form hydronium ions (H O )
                                    3
   HCl + H O  H O+ + Cl– 
                 2          3
                            H
      H                        +         –
       Cl         O         O         Cl
               H     H   H     H
      acid
             B. Definitions
             B. Definitions
   Arrhenius - In aqueous solution…
     • Bases form hydroxide ions (OH-)
                             +          -
   NH + H O  NH  + OH
       3       2            4
                H          H
                             +        –
       N          O        N        O
    H     H             H     H
       H        H          H         H
      base
           B. Definitions
           B. Definitions
   Brønsted-Lowry
     • Acids are proton (H+) donors. 
     • Bases are proton (H+) acceptors.
   HCl + H O  Cl– + H O+
              2               3
   acid    base
        conjugate base
                      conjugate acid
           B. Definitions
           B. Definitions
  HO + HNO   H O+ + NO – 
    2          3     3         3
   B        A        CA       CB