Properties
                   Properties
        ACIDS                    BASES
     electrolytes               electrolytes
     sour taste             bitter taste
     turn litmus red        turn litmus blue
     react with metals      slippery feel
       to form H2 gas
     vinegar, milk, soda,   ammonia, lye, 
       apples, citrus fruits    antacid, baking soda
                                              ChemASAP
                Definitions
                Definitions
   Arrhenius - In aqueous solution…
      •                                +
       Acids form hydronium ions (H O )
                                    3
   HCl + H O  H O+ + Cl– 
                 2          3
                            H
      H                        +         –
       Cl         O         O         Cl
               H     H   H     H
      acid
               Definitions
               Definitions
   Arrhenius - In aqueous solution…
     • Bases form hydroxide ions (OH-)
                             +          -
   NH + H O  NH  + OH
       3       2            4
                H          H
                             +        –
       N          O        N        O
    H     H             H     H
       H        H          H         H
      base
              Brønsted-Lowry
              Brønsted-Lowry
    • Acids are proton (H+) donors, produce a 
     conjugate base. 
    • Bases are proton (H+) acceptors, produce 
     conjugate acid.
    HCl + H O  Cl– + H O+
                   2                     3
    acid        base
              conjugate base     conjugate acid
    Conjugate acids & bases exchange a proton (H+)
            Definitions
            Definitions
  HO + HNO   H O+ + NO – 
    2          3    3          3
   B       A         CA      CB
  Conjugate acids & 
  bases exchange a 
  proton (H+)